WOOD WARBLERS 
351 
645. Nashville Warbler. RED-CAPPED WARBLER. LA FAUVETTE X JOUES GRISES. 
Vermivora ruficapilla. L, 4-77. A yellow and green warbler with a greyish face and a 
more or less concealed chestnut crown-patch (Figure 437). 
Sex, season, and age plumages varying only in intensity of 
yellow and the amount of chestnut in cap. In females, the 
cap may be entirely concealed by the grey edgings of the 
feathers and occasionally it may be altogether absent. 
Distinctions. The unmarked green above and yellow all 
below to tail, but brightest on throat and breast; and the 
grey or greyish head and cheeks are distinctive. This greyish 
head and hindneck may not be marked, but is always present 
as a slight differentiation from the green back. When 
present the chestnut crown (not orange-rufous as in the 
Orange-crowned Warbler) is an unmistakable specific char- 
acter. 
Figure 437 
Nashville Warbler (male); 
natural size. 
Field Marks. Bright yellow, unstreaked underparts and grey crown and cheeks. 
Nesting. On the ground in partial clearings or tree-grown pastures, in nest of grasses 
and moss lined with finer grasses and fine rootlets. 
Distribution. North America. In Canada, practically across the Dominion, occurs 
in Manitoba, common in southern British Columbia, but rare in the intervening region. 
Has been taken as far north as Great Slave Lake. 
SUBSPECIES. The eastern and western representatives of this species are sub- 
specifically distinct. The eastern Nashville Warbler (la Fauvette & joues grises de FEst) 
Vermivora ruficapilla ruficapilla occurs west to Alberta. The Calaveras Warbler (la 
Fauvette k joues grises de FOuest) Vermivora ruficapilla ridgwayi is the form occurring in 
southern British Columbia. It shows perceptibly brighter yellow below and on rump. 
This warbler is most likely to be found in open shrubbery and small 
growth along streams. 
648. Parula Warbler. BLUE YELLOW-BACKED WARBLER. LA FAUVETTE PARULA. 
Compsothlypis americana. L, 4-73. Above and sides of face and neck blue, almost bright 
blue, with yellow suffusion over middle of back. 
Below white, throat and breast clear yellow, with a 
vaguely defined black (or bluish black) and rufous 
band across breast (Figure 438). Females and 
juveniles are duller, without the breast-band, and 
with the yellow more or less suffused over all upper- 
parts, but strongest in middle of back. White wing- 
bars in all plumages. 
Distinctions. The blue back, either pure or 
overwashed with yellow, wing-bars, and yellow breast 
and throat are always distinctive. 
Field Marks. See just above. 
Nesting. In bunches of Usnea (old-man’s- 
beard) or other hanging lichens. 
Distribution. Eastern North America. In Can- 
ada, west regularly to the Great Lakes. Has been 
taken in southeastern Manitoba. 
Parula Warbler (male); natural size. 
SUBSPECIES. The form recognized in Canada is the Northern Parula Warbler 
(la Fauvette parula du Nord) Compsothlypis americana pusilla. 
Woodland Warblers 
The Genus Dendroica is composed of warblers of slightly sturdier 
build than the Worm-eating Warblers. The bill is somewhat longer and 
the culmen more decidedly arched (Figure 439). The tail except in the 
Yellow Warbler always contains a considerable amount of white. 
7691ft— 23* 
