WOOD WARBLERS 
355 
668. Townsend’s Warbler, la fauvettb de townsend. Dendroica townsendi. 
L, 5. Plate LXVI B. Male: a contrastive yellow and black warbler. Breast and face 
marks bright yellow. Crown, cheeks, throat, breast, and flanks, black. Females or 
juveniles similar but duller and the black of tliroat veiled or absent. 
Distinctions. Not likely to be confused with any other species except when it straggles 
east of the mountains. It may have a general resemblance to the Magnolia, Blackburnian, 
or Black-throated Green Warblers. The black throat when present separates it from 
the first two; the yellow eyebrow-line and black crown further differentiate it from the 
Magnolia; the conspicuous bright, instead of subdued, yellow face marks, and breast, 
from the Blackburnian; and the dark cheeks and crown, from the Black-throated Green. 
Field Marks. A dark warbler with bright yellow breast and face marks; black 
crown, cheeks, and flank stripes, and, in adult male, black tliroat. 
Nesting. In willows, nest of rotten plant fibres and roots lined with rootlets, hair, 
and plant-down. 
Distribution. Western North America. In Canada, British Columbia north to the 
Yukon, east to the Alberta foothills, and casually beyond. 
667. Black- throated Green Warbler, la fauvette verte a gorge noire. 
Dendroica virens. L, 5-10. Plate LXVII A. A green-backed, golden-faced warbler, 
white below, with full black tliroat and breast. Females have the black tliroat broken 
and juveniles may lack it entirely. 
Distinctions. Adults with golden face and black front are unmistakable. Juveniles 
without the black throat are distinguished by their whiteness below and almost solid 
golden face. 
Field Marks. Adults, black throat and breast contrasting with yellow face. Juveniles, 
green back, yellow cheeks, and white below. 
Nesting. In coniferous trees in nest of small twigs and moss lined with rootlets, fine 
grasses, and tendrils. 
Distribution. North America. In Canada, w r est to the east slope of the mountains 
and north to Lake Athabaska and southern James Bay. 
658. Cerulean Warbler, la fauvette azur£. Dendroica cerulea. L, 4-50. Male: 
all sky-blue and white. Above, all blue with fine black markings on back and sides of 
crown (Figure 442). Below, pure white with 
blue breast-band and flank-stripes; wing- 
bars white. Female: even, dull greenish 
blue above; white below, more or less 
stained with suggestions of greenish and 
yellow. Juvenile similar to female but 
yellower all over. 
Distinctions. The male is unmistakable. 
Other plumages have a peculiar bluish green, 
instead of olive or yellowish green like other 
species, that is quite characteristic. The 
juvenile with its yellow-greenish underparts 
and eye-stripe somewhat similar to the 
young Tennessee Warbler (Figure 436), but 
its white wing-bars and tail patches wall at 
once separate it from that species. 
Field Marks. All blue and white of the 
male and the decided bluish sheen of other 
plumages. Otherwise like a Tennessee Warbler, but with white wing-bars and white 
in tail. 
Nesting. In tree 20 to 60 feet above ground in nest of fine fibres bound with spider’s 
web, lined with strips of bark with a few lichens on outer surface. 
Distribution. Eastern United States except coast area; north to southern Ontario. 
Occasional in southern Manitoba. 
662. Blackburnian Warbler, la fauvette a gorge orange. Dendroica fusca. 
L, 5-25. Plate LXVII B. Spring male mostly black above and white below; clear black 
on head and cheeks; with bright orange breast, throat, eye-brow line, and median streak 
in crown. Female like male but much duller. Juveniles mostly dull greenish, lightening 
below much like autumn Black-poll and Bay-breasted Warblers. 
Figure 442 
Cerulean Warbler (male); natural size. 
