WOOD WARBLERS 
357 
Nesting. In coniferous trees, 5 to 20 feet above the ground, in nest of grasses and 
plant fibres lined with plant-down and long hairs. 
Distribution. Eastern North America. In Canada, west commonly to Manitoba, 
less frequently to Saskatchewan, and occasionally to southeastern Alberta, northwest to 
Lake Athabaska. 
The Bay-breasted Warbler in spring migration prefers brushy growth 
in sandy wastes, roadsides, etc., but often comes close about the house 
plantation. The similarity of the autumn Bay-breasted and the autumn 
Black-poll, a bird in full plumage totally different, is one of the interesting 
phenomena of bird coloration. The autumn plumages of these two birds were 
at one time confused with each other under the name of Autumnal Warbler. 
661. Black-polled Warbler, la fauvette ray£e. Dendroica striata. L, 5 -56. 
Spring birds, black and while striped. Male with solidly black crown, and back striped 
with black and grey; below and cheeks white 
with series of stripes from base of bill, down sides 
of neck and along flanks (Figure 445). Female: 
dull greenish above, faintly striped; dull greenish 
white below, with suggestion of striping like male. 
Autumn birds altogether different and almost 
indistinguishable from autumn Bay-breasts (See 
preceding species). 
Distinctions. Spring male Black-polls with 
their clear black and white striping may be mis- 
taken for no other bird within their regular range 
except the Black and White Warbler. Their non- 
creeping habits and crown solidly black instead of 
with a white median line, easily identify them. 
Spring females with their general greenish colour 
and suggestion of striping are also easily recog- 
nized. The Black-throated Grey Warbler of the 
extreme southwestern coast of British Columbia is a similar appearing, striped black and 
white bird, but the male has a black tliroat and all plumages have black, or almost black, 
cheeks (See Figure 441). 
Field Marks. Spring males are largely striped black and white, with solid black crown, 
and white cheeks and throat. The female is greenish, whiter below and more or less 
streaked with black on sides of throat and flanks. Autumn birds are olive-green above, 
with wing-bars of white; greenish cream below, almost exactly like autumn Bay-breasts, 
but as a rule with very faint stripes, visible only to sharp eyes and good glasses, showing 
through the yellowish of breast and flanks. 
Nesting. Generally in spruce trees, in nest of twigs, mosses, rootlets, etc., lined with 
fine grasses and tendrils. 
Distribution. North and South America. In Canada, across the Dominion, north 
to the limit of trees. Absent or scarce in British Columbia. 
Figure 445 
Black-poll Warbler (male), 
natural size. 
671. Pine Warbler, la fauvette des pins. Dendroica pinus. L, 5-52. A dull 
green warbler, the green changing to dull yellow on tliroat and breast (Figure 446), with 
greyish or brownish wings and tail, and faintly 
white wing-bars; in high plumage rarely becom- 
ing fairly bright yellow on throat and breast. 
There is little sexual or seasonal change. 
Distinctions. Very similar to the Yellow- 
throated Vireo, but greener in colour and with 
the yellow below stronger and more extensive. 
The white abdomen is inconspicuous. The bill is 
lighter and warbler-like, instead of being stout, 
hooked, and of vireo type (Compare with Figure 
426). From the Yellow Warbler it may be 
separated by its duller colour and the contrast 
between its wings and tail, and body. Its prefer- 
ence for pine trees is at least suggestive of its 
identity. 
Figure 44 G 
Pine "Warbler (male); natural size. 
