WOOD WARBLERS 
365 
457). The female is without the black except for an indistinct patch on rear head and 
the yellow mask blends softly into the yellow of throat and underparts. 
Distinctions. The adult male of this species is too distinctive for confusion. The 
yellow face with dark hind crown of the female is also easily recognized. 
The Hooded Warbler is included here on the basis of a few Canadian 
records in the Lake Erie region of southern Ontario. 
685. Black-capped Warbler. Wilson's warbler. Wilson’s black-capped warb- 
ler. la fauvette a bon.net noir. Wilsonia pusilla. L, 5. Plate LXIX B. A small 
green warbler. Male is all bright yellow below with a 
sharply defined black cap on crown (Figure 458). The 
sexes are similar, but some juvenile females are entirely 
without the cap, and in others it is present but less per- 
fect than in adults. 
Distinctions. The black cap and all-green and yellow 
coloration are distinctive of the adults and young males. 
When without the cap the vague yellow eyebrow stripe is 
characteristic. Birds without the black cap may resemble 
a small Yellow Warbler, but the inner webs of the tail 
feathers are never yellow. 
Field Marks. The small size, all bright yellow and 
green, with black cap or traces of it, or having yellow 
eyebrow-line when the cap is absent. 
Nesting. On the ground, in nest made almost wholly 
of fine grass, lined with a few hairs; nest deeply cupped and quite substantial for a warbler. 
Distribution. North America. In Canada, across the Dominion, north to the tree 
limits. 
SUBSPECIES. Three subspecies are recognized in Canada. Wilson’s Warbler 
(la Fauvette a bonnet noir de l'Est) Wilsonia pusilla pusilla is the eastern form extending 
westward to Manitoba and probably northwestward into Mackenzie District. The Pileo- 
lated Warbler (la Fauvette k bonnet noir du Nord) Wilsonia pusilla pileolata is slightly 
larger and a perceptibly brighter yellow (less green). It extends from Saskatchewan to 
the west coast. The Golden Pileolated Warbler (la Fauvette dor6e k bonnet noir) Wilsonia 
pusilla chryseola is between the two former in size and resembles pileolata in colour, but is 
still brighter yellow above. It is a bird of the extreme southwestern coast of British 
Columbia and southward. There is much mixing together of these birds in migration and 
pusilla may be found nearly to the west coast and birds with chryseola characters well 
inland. 
A very pretty little golden warbler, usually found in willow or similar 
thickets near water. 
Wilson’s Warbler; natural size. 
6S6. Canada Warbler. Canadian flycatcher, la fauvette du Canada. Wilsonia 
canadensis. L, 5-61. Male: even grey above slightly marked with black on crown; all 
below' bright yellow except undertail-coverts which are 
white, yellow preloral line and eye-ring; black lores 
extending down sides of neck and forming a necklace of 
short stripes across upper breast, leaving throat clear 
yellow (Figure 459). Female is similar, but necklace 
and black reduced, though usually remaining strong 
enough to retain the easily recognized specific character. 
Juveniles are like the female, but the necklace almost 
obliterated, showing only in vague, suffused, and inter- 
rupted cloudings. 
Distinctions. The even grey above without mark- 
ings and yellow below with the black necklace marks 
either sharp, dim, or suggested. 
Figure 459 
Canada Warbler (male); 
natural size. 
Field Marks. See distinctions. 
A T esting. In mossy banks or under roots in nest of strips of bark and bits of dead 
wood wrapped in leaves and lined with fine rootlets. 
Distribution. Eastern North America. In Canada, west to Manitoba and north- 
west to Lake Athabaska. Occasionally in southern Saskatchewan and Alberta. 
76916—24 
