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price, and get full value for the bulk of the out-turn. Out of, 
approximately, 200,000 lbs. of sheet sold in 1916 we had 672 lbs. or 
four cases, of faulty sheets which fetched $3 per pikul less than the 
best, so that the net loss from this cause was about $15, whereas, if 
they had been mixed with the good sheets there might readily have 
been a loss of $1 per pikul over the whole total sold, or approximately 
$1,500. 
Without the aid of a press, 168 lbs. of sheet go into one case. It 
is a convenient quantity as it is 1| cwts. and 40 cases give three tons. 
If sheets are made or cut into lengths to fit the cases a larger 
quantity, up to 200 lbs., can be squeezed in. It always seems to 
me that the expense of packing smoked sheet is so unnecessary, as 
properly cured smoked sheet is impervious to damp for a considerable 
time and it is reasonable to suppose that before long we shall 
be baling our smoked sheet like wool, and avoiding the expense of 
Momi and Venesta cases. 
PREPARATION OP PALE CR^PE. 
The mam points required in the grade are colour and texture, 
and the attainment of either presents no great difficulties if uniform 
treatment is accorded every day. 
Coagulation. 
The latex is usually coagulated in bulk and the addition of extra 
water is of no moment as air bubbles are impossible in crepe. The 
strength of acid is the same for this grade as for smoked sheet, but 
double the quantity of sodium bisulphite is wanted unless the rubber 
is to be rolled the same day. If the sodium bisulphite solution is 
too weak, oxidation will set in to a certain extent during the 
night, and the colour of the out-turn will suffer. I use 1 lb. of 
sodium bisulphite to a gallon of water for 80 gallons of latex with 
the usual 12 oz. of acid for latex to Be treated next morning. 
9 Rolling. 
x Strip coagulation in tanks is more economical than mass 
coagulation as the strip will go easily through a macerator 
without being cut up, rollers can be set fairly close for the 
first roll, and once through the macerator brings the rubber to a 
stage where the creper and smooth finisher can deal with it. The 
macerator and creper should be hard chilled rollers with uneven 
speeds, the number of teeth in the cogs being 21 for the front roller 
and 18 for the back one. The smooth finisher should be of softer 
metal and speeds of 20 and 18. It will he found in practice that a 
smooth roller will not do such good work when new, as it will 
when it has been working some months. 
After the rubber has been through the macerater once and 
twice through the creper it is a question of wliat style of drepe is 
to be turned out, as to how many rolls are necessary in the finisher. 
