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at quite low elevations in Java, and quite widely through India near 
towns : but it will be admitted that the drier north and north-west 
ol ! that country is bettdh for them than the south. However, I would 
remind you that an onion industry has spread downwards into 
the West Indies from the north, by the choice of races appropriate 
to the climate. 
Garlic is more suited to the climate of the Malay Peninsula 
than the onion : and considering how large are our importations, 
experiment with it is desirable. 
Chillies can and should be grown extensively through the 
Peninsula. They can be raised easily and fruit from f?he age of four 
months forward. Rain may cause some injury to the fruits by 
encouraging the growth of a fungus and perhaps also by encouraging 
the attack of the little fruit fly. Chillie drying is never to my 
knowledge resorted to in the Peninsula. 
Ginger cultivation is, I am glad to say, extending in Malacca, 
1 where the climate is particularly suitable to it. The cultivators are 
Chinese, who sell their produce green for distribution through the 
country round. They grow it in ridges, in the accepted way : and 
it is on the ground 8-9 months. What their yield is, I do not know, 
but it should be 4,000 lbs. per acre. The Javanese grow ginger for 
the supply of that island. 
Cardamoms can equally well be grown : not the greater* 
cardamom — Amomum mbnlatum — but the lesser cardamom — 
Elettaria cardamomum . It was grown in the Botanic Gardens, 
Singapore, in 1875, with the idea of turning it into a crop and it is 
known to have fruited. It is cultivated in two varieties in Java. 
It requires rich soil and the proper place for it would be stream 
banks at the foot of hills. Twenty years ago the planters of Ceylon 
took up its cultivation for export and soon flooded the limited 
market. It is not for export that I suggest it, but to cancel our 
import. 
The Curcumas, G. longa, Turmeric,, and C. Zeodaria, Zeodary, 
can be grown in the Peninsula without difficulty to the complete 
meeting of the local demand. The first requires a little care, but 
the second is absolutely at home. They requite similar treatment 
to ginger. 
The tamarind fruits most unsatisfactorily in the south of the 
Peninsula ; and as to the north I have no data. But in Java it 
fruits ; and a supply is available for export. As it is quite a good 
roadside tree, it might be so planted with tlie chance of it being also 
remunerative by fruiting. 
Vegetables. 
Vegetables may be divided roughly into greens and roots, with 
this important difference that greens will not travel as ,a rule 
and roots will. In consequence of the ability of roots to travel 
