on some of the leading doctrines of caloric , &c. 379 
“ measure of water at any one temperature mixed with a 
“ measure at any other temperature, the mixture is less than 
“ two measures. Now, a condensation of volume is a certain 
“ mark of diminution of capacity and increase of temperature,* 
“ as in the mixture of sulphuric acid and water ; or the effects 
“ of mechanical pressure, as with elastic fluids. Second, 
“ when the same body suddenly changes its capacity by a 
“ change of form, it is always from a less to a greater as the 
“ temperature ascends ; for instance, ice, water and vapour. 
“ Third, Dr. Crawford acknowledges from his own ex- 
“ perience, that dilute sulphuric acid, and most other liquids 
“ he tried, he found to increase in their capacity for heat with 
“ the increase of temperature. Admitting the force of these 
“ arguments, it follows, that when water of 32 0 and 212 0 are 
“ mixed, and give a temperature denoted by 119 0 of the 
“ common thermometer, we must conclude that the true mean 
“ temperature is somewhere below that degree. I have 
“ already assigned the reason why I place the mean at 110.” 
Now the only reason I can elsewhere find, is derived from his 
general law, “ that all homogeneous liquids expand, as the 
square of the temperature, from the point of greatest density 
or congelation/’ In p. 7, lie ventures to assert nothing more 
than, “ that it is not improbable that the true mean tempe- 
“ rature between 32 0 and 212 0 , may be as low as 110 0 Fah- 
** RENHEIT.” 
Satisfied from my pyrometrical experiments, that his 
general hypothesis of the expansion of liquids being as the 
* For the entire fallacy of this reasoning, see my Essay just quoted ; expansion of 
volume should by Mr. D. increase capacity and diminish temperature. The very 
reverse is shown in that paper. 
MDCCCXVIII, 3 D 
