Nov. 9, 1857.] BETWEEN MOUNT SERLE AND LAKE TORRENS. 19 
slate weathered almost to powder, giving the hills a smooth and 
rounded appearance ; the spurs on either side leading by easy slopes 
to the summit of the main range, showing that the upheaving force 
had acted uniformly for many miles in one direction ; but, in the 
former, the summits are covered with huge masses of sandstone, 
which, from the watered appearance of the surface, seems to have 
been but recently removed from the bed of the ocean ; while the 
perpendicular cliffs, forming into amphitheatres, with the strata in- 
clining steeply inwards, induces the supposition that they have 
been formed at a time when the earth was submerged and violently 
convulsed by earthquakes, acting over an immense area, and from 
various centres, causing the stratified rocks to separate and sink 
under the superincumbent mass of water into the chasms beneath — 
while the outer portions were elevated to their present position — 
exposing the strata from the primary, to rocks of the most recent 
formation. 
The road from Wilpina, the head station of Mr. George Marchant, 
follows the Passmore for about a mile to the eastward, down a valley 
of fine gums and groups of pines, and passing through a gap in the 
range, heads to the north over a broken picturesque country, to 
Hayward Hill, which must formerly have presented a serious obstacle 
to teams going north, though lately improved by a cutting made by 
the settlers. From Hayward Hill, the road descends by gentle 
undulations to a creek called the Yangana, and thence leaving 
Hayward Bluff to the westward, it passes over a mixed country ; 
crossing the Eyatenah, Youngoona, and Okultenah Creeks to the 
Petaton, from whence to the Neuangaran the ground is more level ; 
but from that creek to the Awanagan, the road passes over sharp 
spurs, emanating from an east and west range, south of Patawata, 
and crosses, by dangerous sidelings, Observation and Willigan 
Creeks, into the bed of the Awanagan, where it joins the road from 
the western plains by Patachilner Creek and Oratunga, the head 
station of Mr. John Chambers. 
After passing through the Awanagan Gap, a few miles north of 
the junction of the two roads, they again diverge, that to the right 
passing northward by way of Awanagan Hill, the Patawata Plains, 
and Narina to the main gap, east of the Anglo-pina Pound, the only 
difficulty being a steep sideling on the Awanagan Hill which a slight 
expense would remove,’ rendering available a road replete with 
romantic scenery — as also is that to the left of Awanagan. Hill, by 
Waraweena, the station of Messrs. Thomas and Walter Gill; but the 
latter road is positively dangerous, and ought only to be used for the 
passage of wheeled vehicles by persons who have previously 
