May 10 , 1858 .] 
ADDITIONAL NOTICES. 
229 
bodies half out of the ground, and the family emigrates to another town. Their 
fetish is a snake. 
Considerable space is devoted to the preventives and treatment of African 
fever. Mr. Hutchinson especially insists on flannel next the skin, quinine in 
small daily doses to keep off the fever, and, in river expeditions, avoidance of 
stowage of green wood in the bunkers. A recommendation of Admiral Bruce, 
some years since, is published as thoroughly falling in with his views, viz., 
that a regulation ought to be established, by which the masters of merchant- 
vessels anchored for the purposes of trade up the African rivers should, during 
the first month after crossing the bar, serve out quinine wine to their crews in 
the place of lime-juice, which is in no way needed on account of the super- 
abundance of vegetable produce. 
As regards the development of commerce in Africa, he considers that Lagos 
cannot ever become an exporting place of importance on account of its dan- 
gerous bar and fearful surf,— impediments which are absent at the mouths -of 
the Mger (Nun), Bonny, Old Calabar, and Cameroons Rivers. — F. G. 
5. Report of the Ordnance Survey of the United Kingdom. Ordered by the 
House of Commons to be printed, 30tn June, 1857. 
This Report of Lieutenant-Colonel James, r.e., f.r.g.s., contains in a few pages 
a very complete and interesting account of the way in which the maps of the 
Ordnance Survey are drawn, reduced, and engraved at head-quarters in 
Southampton. 
The Report refers to the state of the arrangements last year, immediately pre- 
ceding a vote in the House of Commons, on the motion of Sir D. Norreys, by 
which a reduction was ordered in the scale upon which the survey of the 
country was then being carried on, and consequently a part of Colonel James’s 
contrivances fell into disuse. 
At that date the Ordnance Survey was occupied, 1st. In making a survey 
and a MS. plan of all England and Scotland, excepting only the uncultivated 
districts, on the scale of 25 inches to a mile (or, what is very nearly the same 
thing, a square inch to an acre). 
2ndly. In reducing these to a scale of 6 inches to a mile, and engraving and 
publishing them, and likewise in surveying, publishing, and engraving the un- 
cultivated districts to the same 6-inch scale. 
3rdly. In making a further reduction of the above to a scale of 1 inch to 
the mile, in order to complete as rapidly as possible the still unfinished 
general map of Great Britain. 
Lieutenant-Colonel James’s Report shows the contrivances adopted by him 
to economise labour in all these steps, and 28 pages are devoted to illustrate 
the effects of his contrivances. 
In drawing the original plans, stamps and stencil plates are used for the 
figures, letters, trees, and various kinds of shading ; and in engraving the 6-inch 
scale plates, punches are used for the same purposes, and mechanical means 
are adopted to give the shading. Evenness of work is thus obtained, together 
with a great economy of skilled labour, while the examples adduced are in 
no way to be charged with stiffness of execution. For publishing copies of the 
large-scale plans, zincography is used : it was found far more convenient than 
lithography ; the prints were equally sharp, and decidedly darker. When the 
necessary copies had been printed off, and the plate had been recleaned, it was 
always possible, at any future time, to form a fresh zincograph from one of 
the old impressions by using the anastatic process. Examples of all these are 
given ; and the cost of these publications is so small, that a copy of the MS. 
