354: 
THOMSON’S SURVEY OF THE 
[June 14 , 1858 . 
the Tioghe. This is not improbable, as a water-parting seems to run from 18° 
to 19° e. long., in this portion of Africa which separates the waters which run 
into the Atlantic from those that run eastward to the Liambaye or Liambige 
and the Indian Ocean. Vast copper mines are found about 100 miles e.s.e. of 
the lake mentioned, and the carriage of the ore forms a great trade to the 
people of Ovampo. 
The intention of the party was to proceed n.e. to a place or chief named 
Libele, whose abode is to the s. of Bunda in about 16° s. lat. and 21° e. long. 
In this portion of Africa snow is stated to he found on high mountains in July 
and August. In the direction alluded to they expected to reach the Cunene, 
but which they never could have done, as the meridian of the upper part of 
that river is in about 17° e. long. Their course would have carried them 
across the Cubango, and its tributaries which form the Chobe, a great feeder 
of the Liambige. But they durst not venture to proceed from Ovampo in 
that direction, as at that season of the year water cannot be found for a great 
distance. Brocheda and Ladislaus, who both visited this district, the former 
in 1849 and the latter in 1852 and 1853, tell us that this district of Africa 
between Ovampo and the Cubango, including the great state of Quanhama on 
the s.w. side of that river, and called also Aimbiri from the name of the chief, 
is very dry in the dry season of the year, and generally a plain or level table- 
land with scarcely a stone to be found in it. Copper and iron are most 
abundant throughout it, and good water is frequently found in very deep holes, 
the remains of the floods in the rainy season from November to April, when 
the rains are very heavy. Both Brocheda and Ladislaus mention the great 
river Liambaye or Liambige running to the eastward, and that the country in 
that part of its course had been overrun and conquered by the Makololo, or as 
Brocheda, perhaps by an error of the Portuguese press, calls them, the Maka- 
kotto. The population of the portion of Africa here specifically alluded to 
are represented by traders and travellers who have visited them as extremely 
rude, ignorant, and barbarous. 
4. Journal kept during the performance of a Reconnoissance Survey of the 
South District of the Province of Otago , New Zealand. By J. Turnbull 
Thomson, f.r.g.s., Chief Surveyor, Otago. 
In the beginning of 1857 Mr. Thomson explored, in successive 
trips, the southern extremity of New Zealand, travelling on foot 
over 1500 miles of difficult country, carrying his theodolite and 
“ swag ” of clothes on his back, and driving pack horses laden with 
flour. 
The epitome of his results is contained in the following Table. 
Nature of Country reconnoitred betiveen the Waiau and Matuaru Rivers , and 
the TJmberella , Eyre , and Takituno Mountains. 
Square miles. 
Forest land 570 
Moss and swamp 108 
Agricultural 400 
Pastoral 2150 
Barren (mountainous) . . . . 500 
Population. 
Europeans 253 
Half-castes 70 
Maoris 119 
Total 442 
Total 
