366 
ADDITIONAL NOTICES. 
[June 14, 1858. 
Muja ; from 1 to 6 feet in length, from 1 to 10 lbs. in weight, long, scales, 
round head, sides silver, hack black. Ca^ao ; shark, called in the salt water 
Tubarao : similarly certain fish of this family ascend the Senegal, Amazon, 
and other great rivers, to the distance of several hundred miles from the ocean 
(vide Ly ell’s Manual of Elementary Geology , 5th edition, p. 126, and Pro- 
ceedings Geol. Soc., No. 43, p. 222). There are many other fish, and none 
poisonous. 
The principal feeders or tributaries of the Zambesi are, — the Chire, between 
Mazaro and Senna ; the Zangue, just below Senna (it is small) ; the Aruenha, 
between Massangane and Marangue ; the Revubue, nearly opposite to Tete. 
There are many lakes close to the river, and some of them communicate 
with it even in the dry season : among them may be named, — one at Caia ; 
another in Maganja, near Santa Beze ; another near Chiramba ; and one in 
Benga, nearly opposite to Tete. 
It is stated that there are no volcanoes, nor the appearance of extinct craters ; 
and earthquakes are unheard of. 
In the Camera behind Tete there is one ferruginous spring. 
For the foregoing information I am obliged to Major Tito Augusto d’Aranjo 
Sicard, Governor of Tete, and also to George Wilson, private in the Mozam- 
bique Company of Invalids. 
3. Explanations of the Physical Map of the Island of Madeira. Dedi- 
cated to the Boyal Geographical Society by J. M. Zieglee, Corres. 
Member. 
The impression made by the appearance of this interesting island on a tra- 
veller from the north, and especially an inhabitant of the Alps, is very striking, 
independently of the beautiful vegetation which covers the slopes of its moun- 
tains. There are seen deep chasms, precipices almost perpendicular, and 
rounded summits beside lofty needle-shaped peaks. In journeying through 
the island acclivities are passed which are ascended by hollows in their sides. 
Everywhere are encountered traces of volcanic action which, having become 
extinct, no longer present to the beholder columns of smoke or eruptions of 
cinders. But the interest of the admirer of the picturesque is not thoroughly 
satisfied — he sees only outlines more or less subdued. The crests and sharp 
peaks of the Alps are wanting, as well as the vastness of the masses com- 
posing our mountains, though the contrasts of great heights and great adjacent 
depths may be more remarkable. The rough-grained formation of the Vinoso 
( pedra molle, or cantaria molle, the building stone of the inhabitants, which 
they work marvellously), and the trachytic tufa resting upon it,* give not 
only to the rocks, but to the general appearance of the island itself, an aspect 
rather romantic and varied than wild and grand. Nevertheless there is pro- 
bably no spot on the earth which exhibits more clearly the differences between 
the north and south declivities of mountains and the influence of elevation as 
affecting vegetation and temperature, and which would be more adapted for 
facilitating meteorological observations, and merits multiplied stations for such 
researches, and botanic gardens. 
The map to which these explanations refer, in displaying the plan of the 
* The most ample details will be found in the following works : — O. Heer, 
Die fossilen Pflanzen de S. Jorge (1856) ; by the same Author, Naturcharacter 
und geologisches Alter von Madeira (1852) ; Capt. Vidal, r.n., On the Geography 
of Madeira ; and lastly, an important work to be published by Sir Charles Lyell 
and G. Hartung on the Geology of Madeira. 
