33 
SHORE-LINE AND WET MEADOW ASSOCIATIONS 
On marshy lakes the actual shore-lines are ill-defined, but for a descrip- 
tion of the vegetation they will be considered as involving the area that is 
usually being colonized actively by amphibious plants with strongly devel- 
oped rootstocks. 
Sandy, wave-washed shores at Pine lake usually have sedges Carex 
aquatilis, and the baltic rush Juncus balticus, occupying the soil for a short 
distance on either side of the water’s edge (Figure 3, B, C). Somewhat 
similar shores of Moose lake, however, are more muddy and there is an influx 
of species from the meadow zone described below. Very steep, sandy, or 
stony shores are nearly or quite barren of vegetation at the water-line 
(Figure 3, A), and at the other extreme is the wet marsh (Figure 3, I). 
A section at Moose lake will be considered as typical of the latter and 
described in detail. 
The first turf association of the shore is composed of the following 
species: 
Primary spp.: Typha latifolia 
Carex aquatilis 
C. diandra 
Calamagroslis inexpansa var. brevior 
Eleocharis palustris 
Secondary spp. - Potamogeton Richardsonii 
Bidens cernua 
Galium trifidum 
Rumex maritimus var. fueginus 
Calamagrostis and Eleocharis are playing a part in the colonization of the 
open water only in a few places, and otherwise should be listed as secondary 
species. The other three primary species are commonest in the order of their 
listing. Typha forms dense and often pure stands with its stalks standing 
in water. The sedges and grasses are growing in hummocks and, like Typha, 
are sending out floating or semi-floating masses into the lake. Where the 
masses are more firmly fixed the meadow shore conditions begin. The sub- 
stratum is of decaying vegetation, and when disturbed it gives off the dis- 
agreeable odour of marsh gases. The zone is usually a narrow one, but 
when it extends into bays and the lake shore slopes off very gradually it is 
considerably widened. 
Following the pioneer association, Carex diandra becomes the predomi- 
nating plant, forming hummocks. It has a large group of semi-aquatic 
species with it as secondaries: 
* 
Rumex occidenlalis 
Potenlilla palustris 
Epilobium palustre 
Cicuta bulbifera 
Stellana, langijolia 
Rorippa palustris 
Galium trifidum 
