34 
Slum suave 
Scutellaria epilobiij alia 
Ranunculus sceleratus 
Glyceria pulchella 
Carex canescens 
C. aquatilis 
Rumex maritimus var. fuegmm 
On somewhat drier areas occur Urtica gracilis , Potentilla norvegica var. 
hirsuta, and occasionally Epilobium angustifolium. The zone is wet and is 
evidently not far developed from the semi-floating Typha- sedge zone. 
Progressively drier areas back of the Carex diandra association have 
a meadow vegetation dominated by Calamagrostis inexpansa var. brevior. 
The grass is in tufts and is associated with the more mesophytic plants of 
the sedge zone, as well as with seedling Salix planifolia and S. myrtilhfolia, 
Achillea Millefolium, Geum macrophyllum var. perincisum, Erigeron acris 
var. asteroides, Aster junceus, A. Lindleyanus, and Agrostis scabra. 
This general arrangement is the common one on marshy lakes through- 
out the upland, although the shores differ greatly in width and in the rela- 
tive prominence of the associations. There are some minor specific differ- 
ences such as the replacement of Carex diandra by C. aquatilis, or the inser- 
tion of C. rostrata as a predominating sedge. A treatment of the vegetation 
of muskeg pond shores where mosses are dominant will be deferred to the 
discussion of muskeg vegetations as a whole. 
SHRUB ASSOCIATIONS 
On the shores of most lakes that have been formed by a more or less 
precipitate fall in sink-holes, the vegetation has no genetic relationship to 
that of the surroundings. The dry pine woods often come nearly to the 
water’s edge. In lakes where there has been a slow but appreciable change 
in water level, the sandy shores have been worked over and formed into 
small ridges, plains, and spits, upon which is developing typical sand-plain 
vegetation of open jackpine woods. There are several such situations on Pine 
lake (Figure 3, B). On marshy shores, however, the upper, more mesophytic 
parts of the slopes are developing forests by a regular set of stages. The 
shore section at Moose lake discussed above may be continued to illustrate 
the transition to timber. 
The first association of woody plants is dominated by Salix planifolia 
and S. myrtillifolia. Secondary species are as follows: 
Calamagrostis canadensis 
Alnus incana 
Potentilla norvegica var. hirsuta 
Geum macrophyllum var. perincisum 
Castilleja Raupii 
Achillea Millefolium 
Agrostis scabra 
Erigeron acris var. asteroides 
It will be noted that this is a repetition, in part, of the preceding zone as 
far as the secondary species are concerned. 
