38 
In a muskeg observed in Caribou mountains Sphagnum is the moss that 
has invaded the centre of the pond, where it is associated with a grass-like 
plant whose identity has not been determined. At the outer margin the 
moss grows with Car ex pauper cula var. irrigua. The latter species accom- 
panies the invading bog shrubs into the depression. 
BOG SHRUB ASSOCIATIONS 
The manner in which Sphagnum invades the sedge associations, or low 
moors, has been well illustrated by Lewis, Dowding, and Moss (37). In 
the muskeg near Pine lake the association is somewhat as follows: 
Primary spp.: Sphagnum capillaceum 
Betula glandulosa 
Secondary spp.: Larix laricina 
Picea mariana 
Car ex paupercuta var. irrigua 
C. aqualilis 
C. capillaris 
C. capitata 
C. gy nocrates 
C. limosa 
C. disperma 
C. tenui flora 
Enophorum spissum 
Salix pedicellaris var. tenuescens 
Drosera rotundijolia 
Andromeda Polifolia 
Chamaedaphne calyculata 
Vaecinium Oxycoccos 
There are many square miles of this birch muskeg in the park area. 
The above list is fairly complete for the immediate situation, but is not so 
when the type as a w r hole is considered. It is the most noticeable and most 
stable intermediate stage between the wet bog associations and the develop- 
ing timber. The elements of the latter may be commonly observed invad- 
ing the shrubby areas, as the list indicates. The following species have been 
noted or collected in similar situations in the park. 
Equisetum limosum 
E. scirpoides 
Arctagrostis arundinacea 
Calamagrostis canadensis var. robusta 
C. inexpansa var. brevior 
Deschampsia caespitosa var. glauca 
Scirpus hudsonianus 
Car ex atratijormis 
C. vagina la 
Enophorum opacum 
Smilacina trifolia 
Tofieldia glutinosa 
Salix Candida 
S. myrtillifolia 
