45 
mountains, and is bounded in other places by muskegs to which it shows 
scarcely any transition stages. Very few depressions in the upland prairies 
hold enough water to show what vegetation the lake shore margins would 
possess. Those observed show a succession of associations that bear some 
resemblance to that of the river flood-plain sloughs. 
The writer’s most extensive notes on the prairie openings were made 
at the eastern base of Caribou mountains in June and July, 1930, and in 
the Peace Point and Salt Plain districts in July and August, 1928. The 
openings north of Pine lake were crossed so early in the summer of 1928 
(June 15 to 17) that the herbaceous flora was insufficiently developed for 
study. The recent histoiy of the prairies is so obscure that very little 
material could be gathered relative to the effects of burning. 
PRAIRIES AT THE BASE OF CARIBOU MOUNTAINS 
Two localities north of the Indian graveyard, Peace, river, were selected 
as typical. The first of these is about 18, and the second 11, miles from the 
river. There is a gradual slope in the openings, away from the mountains. 
Along the trail southward from the 11-mile locality this amounts to approxi- 
mately 100 feet in 5 miles. The difference in elevation between the two 
localities was not recorded. The 11-mile district is about 960 feet above 
sea-level, and about 200 feet above Peace river. 
The vegetation at the 18-mile locality is as follows: 
Primary -*pP- : Pan pratensis 
Calamagro&tis canadensis var. robusta 
Equisetum sylvaticum var. pauciramosum 
Secondary spp.: Schizachne purpurascens 
Hierochloe odorata 
Bromus Pumpellianus 
Carex siccata 
Populus tremuloides (young) 
Salix Bebbiana 
Urtica gracilis 
Arenaria lateriflora (few) 
Stellaria longipes var. laeta 
S. longifolia 
Thalictrum venulosum 
Delphinium scopulorum var. glaucum 
Erysimum cheiranlhoides 
Descurainia sp. 
Ribes oxyacanikoides 
Fragaria glauca 
Geum strictum 
G. macrophyllum var. perincisum 
Rubus idaeus var. canadensis 
Rosa acicularis 
Lathyrus ochroleucus 
Vicia americana 
Epilobium angusti folium 
Merlensia paniculata 
91963—4 
