57 
Some of the secondary species are characteristic, others show relationships 
to neighbouring bush or prairie flora. There is a general mixture of halo- 
phytic and freshwater prairie types. 
Secondary spp.: Junipei'us horizantalis 
Triglochin maritimum 
Agropyron trachycaulum var. typicum 
Spartina gracilis 
Carex Buxbaumii 
Smiladna stellata 
Allium Schoenoprasum 
Hedysarum alpinum var. americanum 
Epilobium palustre 
Primula incana 
Dodecalheon paucijlorum 
Gentiana elegans 
Lomatogonium rota turn 
Plantayo eriopoda 
Galium boreale 
Achillea Millefolium 
Aster junceus 
A. ericoides 
Solidago canadensis 
S. oreophila 
Antennaria nitida 
Grin delta perennis 
Artemisia canadensis 
A. biennis 
The dry bed of the small creek already described (Figure 7) shows the 
main elements of the salt flat margin associations. They are greatly con- 
densed, however, and somewhat telescoped. The steep terrace shows a 
transition to the prairie involving some of the halophytes of the bottom 
and the more xerophytic species from the prairie. 
Clumps of willows and dwarf birches are slowly invading the prairies 
from the low ridges that separate the depressions and which, if high enough, 
have spruce and aspen timber on them. Both primary and secondary 
species in the advancing shrub association indicate a semi-muskeg type of 
vegetation. 
Primary spp.: Betula glandulosa 
Salix brachycarpa var. antimima 
Secondary spp.: Picea glauca (small saplings) 
Calamagrostis inexpansa var. brevior 
J uncus balticus 
Salix Candida 
S. glauca 
S. MacCalliana 
Pamassia multiseta 
Rosa acicularis 
Shepkerdia canadensis 
PetaAtes sagittatus 
With such a changeable supply of brine in the salt flat depressions it 
is only natural that there should be all gradations between the above type 
of marginal arrangement and that in a freshwater wet meadow. Some- 
what less alkaline situations with barren or wet depressions support an 
association of Atriplex patula var. hastata, Ranunculus sceleratus , and Bip- 
puris vulgaris. The Atriplex is the most abundant species. This association 
