85 
In some places certain of the secondary species, Mentha and Ranunculus 
Cymbalaria, attain primary rank. 
Between the Triglochin association and the willow margin is a narrow, 
meadow-like area dominated by Potentilla Amerina, Poa pratensis, and 
Agropyron trachycaulum var. typicum. A mixture of secondary species 
from the willow margin and from the preceding association occurs with 
them. 
Flora of the Granite Hills 
The granite hills, which rise out of the lowlands, have a distinctive 
flora which is unrelated to that of most of Wood Buffalo park, and which 
is made up of extensions of the scrub vegetation east of Slave river, just as 
the hills themselves are outliers of the Precambrian rocks. No extensive 
studies of the history of the hill vegetation have been made, and the follow- 
ing list is from general collections and notes made along the Quatre Fourches 
in 1927, at the Government Hay Camp in 1928, and on the east side of lake 
Mamawi in 1930. More or less extensive investigations of this flora were 
carried on by the writer and his wife in 1926, in the vicinity of Shelter point, 
on the north shore of lake Athabaska (51, 57, 58). 
Primary spp . : Pinus Banksiana 
Betula papyri} era var. neoalaskana 
Picea glauca 
Amelanchier fiorida 
Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi 
Saxifraga tricuspidata 
Secondary spp.: Cryptogramma crispa var. acrostichoides 
Polypodium virginianum 
Juniperus communis var. montana 
Agroslis scabra 
Festuca saximontana 
Elymus innovaius 
Poa palustris 
P. glauca 
Calamagrostis canadensis 
Carex siccata 
M aianthemum canadense 
Salix Bebbiana 
Populus tremuloides 
Alnus crispa 
Gcocaulon lividum 
Anemone multifida var. hudsoniana 
Corydalis sempervirens 
Hpuchera Richardsonii 
Ribes oxyacanthoides 
Fragaria glauca 
Potentilla tridentata 
P. pennsylvanica 
Geum trifiorvm 
Prunus pennsylvanica 
Rubus idaeus var. canadensis 
Rosa acicularis 
Lathyrus ochroleucus 
Shevherdia canadensis 
Epilobium angustifolium 
Vaccinium canadense 
Galium boreale 
