ANATOMY OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL. 
457 
tine. These corpuscles are attached to the lymphatic vessels (figs. ix. & xiii.). This 
author found, during absorption, fat-particles in the circular muscular layer of the 
intestine. He figured fat-particles between the epithelial cells (fig. xx.). Eimer further 
considered that in mammals the epithelial cells are connected with the tissue of the villus. 
Zawarykin (56), 1869, obtained a natural injection of the paths which the chyle tra- 
verses by injecting albumen and Berlin blue into a loop of the intestine in the living 
animal. He found that the blue mass goes by the borders of the cells ; these borders 
end in processes which communicate with the membrane of the villus. He found the 
substance of the villus coloured as it is represented by Basch (54), i. e. he found a net- 
work of blue lines surrounding the lymph-corpuscles. Zawarykin thought the blue lines 
correspond to the cleavage-spaces in the ground substance of the villus. 
Basch (46), 1870, described the villus as composed of trabeculae and cells of the 
parenchyma ; the trabeculae contain connective-tissue corpuscles. The fat goes by ways 
within the trabeculae which possibly are preformed. Basch’s drawings give very thick 
trabeculae, containing cells (see his fig. vii.). He denied a constant connexion of the 
epithelium with the tissue of the villus. Basch noticed the fat between the epithelial 
cells, but he conceived that it was due to regurgitation from the villus. 
Debove (35), 1872, showed by the use of nitrate of silver that there is everywhere in 
immediate proximity to the epithelium an endothelial membrane similar to that of the 
chyle-vessels. 
Thanhoffer (57), 1874, found that the epithelial cells in the frog’s intestine are open, 
that the cell-substance, in the form of hair-like processes, may protrude above the cells. 
This was seen when the nerve-centres were injured. These hair-like processes show 
lively movements, and aid in fat-absorption. He found star-like connective-tissue cor- 
puscles attached to the epithelium. 
Bibliography of the small Cells among the Epithelium. 
Eberth (58), 1861, found in the intestine of a duck groups of epithelial cells contain- 
ing two to four nuclei, the nuclei lying one above the other. 
Rindfleisch (42), 1861, found round elements among the deeper layers of the 
epithelial cells. 
Eberth (33), 1864, saw young cells among the intestinal epithelium; at times they 
were arranged in rows between the epithelial cells. He also saw citron-shaped cells. 
Eberth was unable to determine whether these cells are young epithelial cells or not : he 
considered that some of them are elements which have wandered from the mucosa. 
Arnstein (40), 1867, found lymph-corpuscles between and within the individual 
epithelial cells ; he found them also within the goblet-cells. He considered that these 
lymph-corpuscles have wandered from the mucosa. 
Eries (59), 1867, noticed the round cells among the intestinal epithelium. 
Eimer (60), 1867, injected colouring-matter into the lymph-sac of a frog. He found 
coloured lymph-corpuscles in the goblet-cells and in the mucosa. 
hdccclxxvi. 3 s 
