648 
ME. W. K. PAEKEE ON THE STEHCTUEE AND 
the fronto-parietal ; it is nearly all due to the frontal “ centre.” This roof-bone is very 
much unlike the counterpart in the Frog and Toad (see “ Frog’s Skull,” plate ix. fig. 1, 
fp.), where each “ fronto-parietal ” keeps distinct from its fellow, and their edges dip 
towards each other. 
On the hind part of the cheek, also, the bones are not like those of ordinary 
Batrachia ; the squamosal (figs. 7, 8, sq.) is not like a hammer, but a knife whose blade 
is upturned, and whose handle is excavated near its end. Here the “ handle ” part is 
absent, as in the Clielonia. So also is the quadrato-jugal (figs. 7 & 8, q.j.), like that of 
a Tortoise ; it lies directly beneath the squamosal, is grafted on to the lower part of the 
“ otic process,” and clamps the outer face of the quadrate in front. The long blade 
of the squamosal nearly reaches the palatine cartilage (ptpa.) over the elbow of the 
pterygoid ; this process is certainly Batrachian, and is wanting in the Tortoise’s squa- 
mosal. The two seed-like tympanic ossicles are new to me : the upper (figs. 7 & 8, ty. 1 ) 
is attached to the squamosal handle at right angles, and helps a ligament ( t.l .) to finish 
the foramen for the columella. The second tympanic (ty. 2 ) is a bent ossicle ; it lies, as 
a clamp, on the upper part of the junction of the quadrato-jugal and quadrate. 
The “dentary” (fig. 3, d.) is the last of these investing bones; it has already been 
described. 
I forbear to make any further remarks on the strange features of this Aglossal type, 
until the other, namely Pipa, has been described ; these two, the Cape and the Surinam 
Toads, differ almost as much from each other, in details , as they do from the ordinary 
Batrachia. 
On the Skull of the Surinam Toad (Pipa monstrosa). — First stage , Embryos from the 
dorsal pouches 9 lines in entire length *. 
This type has broken away from almost all the customs and observances of the 
Batrachia, being, indeed, a prolepsis of the “ Abranchiate ” Yertebrata. The lateral and 
dorsal views of the embryo show how unlike to a Tadpole it is (Plate 60. figs. 1 & 2) ; in 
its development it does not observe the times of the other Batrachia, but hurries, so to 
speak, through its stages, like a creature of high degree. 
Altogether, this embryo is much more like that of the Salmon (“ Salmon’s Skull,” 
plate i.) than an ordinary Tadpole. As in the larval Dactylethra, there are no horny 
jaws, and at this stage, as in the Urodela, there are no labials. In my youngest Dacty- 
lethrce, very much larger and more developed, generally, than this, the limbs were 
minute bud-like masses of cells ; here they are relatively large, and the hind limbs show 
distinct toes. The intestinal coil was perfect in those free swimmers ; here the yelk is 
scarcely used ; it is a mass | of an inch in diameter, and the tail of the flat, tape-like 
embryo almost meets the chin. In the larval Dactylethra the gill-operculum is open 
* Eor these youngest Pipce I am indebted to Dr. Gunther, E.E.S. ; for the ripe young from the maternal 
dorsal pouches to Prof. W. H. Flower, F.E.S. ; and for the adult skull, already partially worked out by him, 
and described in the article “Amphibia,” p. 756, I am indebted to Professor Huxley, Sec. E.S. 
