ME. J. PRESTWICH ON SUBMARINE TEMPERATURES. 
617 
Temperature 
Lat. 
Long, of 
Paris. 
Depth. 
Metres. 
r 
at depth. 
-A 
at surface. 
North Atlantic . . 
o 
4 
23 N. 
28 26 W. 
1950 
3-2 C. 
27 C. 
South Atlantic . . -j 
'25 
10 S. 
5 39 E. 
1620 
3 
19-6 
1620 
25*6 
.39 
51 S. 
41 57 E. 
3*2 
North Pacific . . . j 
i 4 
32 N. 
136 54 W. 
3740 
1-7 
27-2 
1790 
2-5 
11-7 
51 
34 N. 
159 21 E. 
! 
f 0 
55 S. 
99 27 W. 
1790 
3 
26-5 
27 
47 S. 
98 0E. 
1620 
2-8 
23-8 
South Pacific and In- 
dian Ocean . . 1 
! 37 
42 S. 
112 38 E. 
1620 
3 
16-7 
43 
47 S. 
81 26 W. 
810 
4-1 
13-2 
( » 
99 
99 99 
1790 
2-3 
99 
The rate of decrease recorded by the observations of Du Petit-Thouaes was con- 
firmed within certain limits for lesser depths by those of Kotzebue, Beechey, D’Ueville, 
Vaillant, and others, and for greater depths by some of the later observations of 
Captain Pullen, who obtained in the 
Temperature 
Lat. 
Long. 
Depth, 
fathoms. 
r 
at depth. 
\ 
at surface. 
Indian Ocean . . . 
5. 
31 S. 
6i 31 E. 
2330 
35 F. 
84 F. 
| 
[26 
46 S. 
23 52 W. 
2700 
35 
/ 5 
South Atlantic . . \ 
i 30 
6 
20 14 
400 
4o‘5 
74*5 
99 
99 99 
1200 
38-2 
99 
These various submarine temperature observations in the several great Oceans, taken 
in conjunction with the corrected readings for others adopted by Du Petit-Thouaes and 
De Tessan, showed that, whether in temperate or tropical regions, approximately : — j 
The temperature at surface being according to latitude . 60 to 80 Fahe. 
At from 1000 to 2000 feet it was from 40 to 60 „ 
„ 2000 to 5000 „ „ 37 to 40 „ 
„ 5000 to 12000 . . 35 to 37 „ (or less) 
Other corrected readings give equally low or still lower temperatures. 
On the other hand, in the Arctic seas, the observations of Scoeesby and of M ar tins 
and Beavais showed that the temperature of the upper strata, down to a depth of 200 
to 300 feet, varies greatly with the season, ranging from 8 to 10 degrees above to 3 or 4 
degrees under 32° F., and that with increasing depth a more uniform higher temperature 
prevailed. Scoeesby, whose experiments were conducted further northward and west- 
ward, found this latter temperature to be generally 3° or 4° above the freezing-point of 
fresh water, or 7° to 8° above that of sea-water. His two deepest experiments (to the 
N.W. of Spitzbergen) give the following results : — 
