630 
ME. J. PEESTWICH ON STJBMAEINE TEMPEEATUEES. 
A few years later Emil von Lenz* described the observations made by Dr. Edward 
Lenz during a series of voyages across the Atlantic to the west coast of South America 
at a small but uniform depth, and with the same instruments throughout. For some 
reason not explained, the temperatures in the low latitudes of the South Atlantic are 
not given. 
North Atlantic. 
South Atlantic. 
Lat. N. 
1 
Long. W. Feet deep. 
1 
Temp, 
at depth. 
Surface. 
Lat. S. 
Long. W. 
Feet deep. 
1 Temp, 
at depth. 
Surface. 
1 38 
27 360 
58-2 E. 
81-4 
° ' 
o 
3 14 
21 
61 „ 
80 
6 9 
23 
60 „ 
84 
6 52 
22 „ + 
58-2 „ 
80 
13 28 
28 
360 
72-8 
80-2 
25 35 
37 
66-3 „ 
72-5 
17 17 
19 2 (32 ?) 
9r 
76-6 
84 
31 48 
36 
64-3 „ 
73 
30 13 
46 
64 
77 
35 35 
17 „ t 
62-6 „ 
63-6 
33 
72 (52 ?) 
52 
56 
35 37 
35 
60 „ 
68-4 
53 12 
58 
43 
51 
35 39 
34 
61 „ 
67-8 
55 19 
62 
41 
48-4 
40 40 
27 | „ 
56 „ 
62-6 
56 
64 
» 
41 
46 
On these he remarks, “ The number of observations here are so few, that no valid 
general conclusions can be drawn from them ; I only mention that this attempt was 
substantiated by me in results made public on an earlier occasion (Bull. Phys. Math. v. 
1847); viz. that at the equator, or rather in the region of calms, one finds a notably 
more rapid diminution of temperature at increased depth than even in the tropic or 
subtropical zone. We also see here that at 4° N. lat. the temperature at 60 fathoms 
decreases from 21° R. to 12° R., but at 28° (321) lat. only to 14°*8 ; and it is first at 
36° lat. in this depth that one finds nearly the same temperature as at the equator, 
viz. 12 0, 6 Reaumur. In the Southern Atlantic Ocean, the conditions of temperature at 
depths appear to approximate more nearly to the equator than in the Northern, pos- 
sibly in consequence of the northern inclination of the region of calms.” 
§ V. General Conclusions. 
It is evident that the old observations (all before 1868) have very different degrees 
of value. In laying down the lines of Section of the Bathymetrical Isotherms on 
the Admiralty “ Track Chart ” of the world, I have selected those observations which 
appear the most reliable, and which at the same time offer the most continuous series 
over the greatest number of parallels of latitude, such as the observations of Kotzebue 
in the North and South Atlantic, and those of Dayman J in the South Atlantic and 
* “ Meteorologische Beobachtungen auf dem Atlantischen und Grossen Oceane in den Jahren 1847-49 
angestellt von dem Dr. En. Lenz, verechnet von E. Lenz,” Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg, iv. 1863, 
p. 130. 
t These numbers do not quite agree with the text, where they stand as “ 420 ” and “ 180.” 
X Only the correction for Dayman’s observations should probably be rather higher than that for the others. 
