4 
BKACHIOPODA. 
and placed Calceole in the family Rudiste of the class Lamelli- 
branches. 
In 1825 M. de Blainville [Manuel Malac. 8vo) divided the 
class Acephalophores into four Orders ; the following contain what 
are now considered Brachiopods. 
Order 1. Palliobbanches. 
1. Coquille symm&rique. Lingule, Terebratule, Thecidie, 
Strophomene, Plagistome, Dianchore, Podopside. 
2. Coquille non-symmetrique, irregulihre, constamment adM- 
rente. Orbicule, Cranie. 
Order 11. Rudistbs. Sphaerulite, Hippurite, Radiolite, Bi- 
rostrite, Calceole. 
In 1825 M. Latreille [Fam. Nat. Reg. Anim. 8vo, 196) divided 
the Mollusques Agames Endocephales Brachiopodes into two 
Orders and three Families, thus ; 
1. Pedoncules. 1. Equivalves, lAngule. 2. Inequivahes,Te- 
rebratule. 
2. Sessiles. 1. Fixivalves, Orbicule, Cranie, Acarde, Sphseru- 
lite. Placing the genus Calceole in the family Ostraces of Con- 
chiferes. 
In 1829 M. Rang [Manuel des Mollusques, 12mo, Paris, p. 257) 
arranged the Acephales Testaces Brachiopodes thus : 
I. Lingules. Lingule. 
II. Terebratules. Terebratule, Strophomene, Thecidee, Cal- 
ceole. 
III. Cranies. Cranie, Orbicule. 
In 1834 Leopold von Buch [Ueber die Terebrateln, Berlin, 
4to) gives the following arrangement : — 
A. Attached by the border. 
* Between the two valves no hinge-line. 1. Lingula. 
** At the border of the dorsal valve above the hinge. 
t One valve perforated. 
0 . This perforation separated from the hinge-line by a delti- 
dium. 2. Terebratula (Atrypa, Orthis, Strigocephalus, Uncites, 
Pentamerus, Magas). 
00 . The perforation is triangular, open, of which the base 
rests on the hinge-line, and the apex reaches to the apex of one 
valve. 3. DeltJiyris (Spirifer, Cyrtia, Gypidia). 
tt Neither valve perforated. 
0 , A large cardinal area. 4. Calceola. 
00 . No cardinal area. 6. Leptana (Producta, Strophomena). 
B. Attached by the lower side. 
a. Middle of the lower valve perforated for attachment. 
6. Orhicula. 
b. Lower valve entii-e, attached by its whole face. 7. Crania. 
