6 
BRACHIOPODA. 
In 1842 Dr. Gray {Synopsis Brit. Mus. 1842, 88) proposed 
the following division for the class Brachiopoda : — 
“ Some are attached by means of a tendinous cord, which 
passes out between or in a groove in one of the valves. The 
family of Lingulidce are attached by a tendinous tube, resembling 
the stem of the Barnacles, which projects between the apices of 
the gaping valves, as in Lingula. 
“ The family of Terebratulidm are regular and somewhat 
like a Grecian lamp in form, and have therefore been called 
Lamp-shells. The valves are articulated together, and the 
animals are attached by means of a tendinous hand, which passes 
out of the hole in the apex of the upper valve, as in the Tere- 
bratulae and Spirifer. 
“ The family Discinidce, on the other hand, have the tendon 
passing out of a linear slit near the middle of the under valve ; 
the shell is suborbicular, and the upper valve conical, hke a 
Patella, but more symmetrical — Discina. 
“ Others are immediately attached by the outer surface of 
their under shell. 
“ The family of Craniadce are attached by their flat lower 
valve, which has an obhque facet on the upper side ; the upper 
valve is suborbicular, conical, with a subcentral apex like the 
DiscincB : the muscular scars of the lower valves bear some re- 
semblance to a face, hence the name of Crania. 
“ The family of Thecideidce are fossil shells, very like the last, 
but only attached by the apex of the lower valves, which is pro- 
duced and somewhat lamp-hke, and the cavity is furnished with 
a comphcated apparatus to support the internal organs, as in 
TerebratulidcB — Thecidea. 
“ The family of ProductidcB are fossils, probably aUied to the 
latter ; one valve is concave, the other flat, or concave and pressed 
into the cavity of the other ; the hinge-hne is straight and the 
shell subs 3 Tnmetrical — Productus, Calceola.” 
In 1846 Mr. W. King {Ann. 8f Mag. N. H. xviii. 1846, p. 28) 
divided the genera of Palliobranchiata into the following fami- 
lies : — 
1. ObolidcB. 1. Obolus. 
2. LingulidcB. 1. Lingula. 
3. Orbiculida. 1. Orbicxda. 
4. CraniidcB. 1. Crania. 2. Siphonotreta. 
5. CalceolidcB. 1. Calceola. 
6. Strophomenidw. 1. Strophomena. 2. Orthis. 3. Lep- 
taena. 4. Chonetes. 
7. ProductidcB. 1. Productus. 2. Strophalosia. 
