2 
BRACHIOPODA. 
being usually spiral, and having their outer margin fringed with 
cirri ; mantle-lobes closely applied to the valves, fringed with 
horny seta, and furnished with large branching veins ; digestive 
organs occupying a small space near the umbones, separated by 
a strong membrane from the general cavity of the shell in which 
the ciiTated arms are expanded; respiration performed by the 
vessels of the mantle ; circulation effected by two hearts, each 
having an auricle and a ventricle ; sexes united ? ; ova developed 
in vascular sinuses, or in the large veins. 
Habit marine, ranging from low water to 100 fathoms ; in all 
climates and seas {Woodward MS.). 
Ostreacia; Subfam. Placunia, part., Rajinesque, Anal. 148, 1816. 
Poleteria; Brachiopea, Rajinesque, Anal. 148, 1815. 
Brachiopoda, Cuvier, Ann. du Mus. i. 44, & in Roissy, Moll. vi. 
460, 1805. 
Dumeril, Trait. 4lem. 1806. 
Lamk. Phil. Zool. 1809, 317. 
Latr. Fam. Nat. 1825. 
Schweigg. Naturg. 689, 1820. 
Rang, Man. 257. 1829. 
Flem. Brit. An. 1828, 256, 377- 
Menke, Syn. i. 95, 1836. 
Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. i. 22. 
Gray, Syn. B. M. 1840; 1842, 85; Proc. Zool. Soc. 1847, 
202 ; Ann. Nat. Hist. 2nd ser. ii. 435, 1848. 
Anomia, part., Linn. S. Nat. 
Criopus or Criopoderma, Poll, Test. Sicil. 1 792, 
Branchiopoda, Risso, Hist. iv. 1826. 
Swains. Malac. 1840. 
Spirobrachiophora, Gray, Med. Repos. 1821,238. 
Lingulacea, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. x. 1818. 
Acephalophora palliobranehia, Blainville, Prodr. 1814. 
Acephala Brachiopoda, Anton, Verz. Conch. 12, 1839. 
Acephala Palliobranchiata or Brachiopoda, Forbes Sf Hanley, 
Brit. Moll. ii. 339. 
Conchiferes monomyaires. Sect. in. (Les Rudistes et Les Bra- 
chiopodes), Lamk. Hist. vi. 229. 
Conchiferes Brachiopodes, Lamk. Hist. vi. 241. 
Mol. acephala testacea monomyaria (monomyaires), part., Lamk. 
Hist. vi. 1, 2nd ed. vii. 1 . 
Acephales testaces, Brachiopodes (and Ostracees, part.), Lamk. 
Ext. du Cours, 104, 1812. 
Rang, Man. Moll. 267. 
Palliobranchiata or Palliobranches, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. xxxii. 
1824. 
King, Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. xviii. 1846. 
