XVI 
PREFACE. 
The state of Michigan appropriated $20,000 for the publication of a 
single report, embracing a few counties,— the iron and copper region 
bordering Lake Superior. 
The California survey, under Prof. Whitney, was conducted on a like 
liberal scale. The following is a copy of the appropriating clause of the 
law for a portion cf the time: 
“ The following sums of money are hereby appropriated out of any 
money in the State Treasury, not otherwise appropriated, for the prose- 
cution of a geological survey of the state, for the sixteenth and seven- 
teenth fiscal years: For salary of State Geologist, nine thousand dollars, 
to be drawn monthly on the last day of each month ; for the salary of two 
Assistants, $6,600, to be drawn in the same manner as the salary of the 
State Geologist; for publication of two volumes of reports, six thousand dol- 
lars; for office-rent, and expenses of survey in mining district, and experi- 
ments on ores, and all incidental expenses of work, ten thousand dollars, 
to be drawn, one half each fiscal year.” 
The State of Missouri appropriates $20,000 per annum for work, and 
$9,000 for publicalion of the report of one year’s operations. 
Georgia has started with an appropriation of $13,000, and employs a 
corps of eight geologists, chemists, &c. 
Kentucky expends about $20,000 per annum for the work of her survey. 
New Jersey, with a territory about one seventh of the size of North 
Carolina, and with railroad communication to nearly every county, (so 
that the whole State can be traversed in a few days,) expends $5,000 per 
annum, and $6,000 for printing a report, of a single volume. 
In North Carolina $5,000 covers all expenses,— salaries, Museum rent, 
field work, laboratory, &c., and publication, in large part. 
ASSISTANTS. 
Prof. T. A. Conrad and Prof. E. D. Cope, whose papers are given in 
the Appendix, have kindly given their help without remuneration. They 
have made two visits each to the State, in order to w r ork up the material 
collected in the Museum, and have also spent some months in the field. 
Rev. C. J. Curtis and Capt. W. Cain, of Hillsboro’, rendered me im- 
portant aid in the topographical work, giving two seasons each. The last 
named gentleman has also given much assistance in the office work, as 
Civil Engineer, — in making maps and sections and reducing the barometri- 
cal and astronomical observations. Dr. F. A. Genth has worked up the 
Mineralogy, furnishiug two valuable papers on the subject as above 
stated, one of them given in the Appendix. Mr. G. B. Hanna has done 
