OUTLINES. 
153 
Rangia clathrodonta, 
Solen ensis, 
Glycimeris reflexa, 
Pholadomya abrupta, 
Carditamera arata, 
Pleuromeris deeemcostata, 
Glycocardia granula, 
Mactra similis, 
Siliquaria equalis, 
Carolinensis, 
Pholas Memmingeri, 
Cardium magnum, 
“ sublineatum, 
Cardita carinata. 
QUATERNARY. 
The Quaternary , 01 1 Postpliocene, the final term of the geological col- 
umn, occupies a larger area of the surface of the State than any of the pre- 
ceding, as will be seen from the map. The whole eastern part of the 
State, a tract extending more than 100 miles from the coast, and rising 
to an elevation of 1- to 500 feet along its western margin, is covered for the 
most part with a superficial deposit of shingle, gravel, sand and clay, the 
coarser material predominating westward and becoming successively finer 
towards the coast. Almost the whole of the Tertiary and Cretaceous, and 
a considerable part of the Triassic, as well as a broad belt of the Archaean 
rocks, are concealed by a thin covering of this formation. It terminates 
inland along a very sinuous line, which curves sharply to the west along 
all the divides between the great river channels, having been swept away 
by denudation from their slopes as well as their valleys proper, through- 
out the more elevated parts of the formation, while further east, at lower 
levels, the present river channels themselves have been excavated through 
these deposits. Along railroad cuts, in gullies and washes on road sides, 
and wherever a section of these superficial deposits is exposed, they are 
found to be very irregularly bedded, showing beach structure and every 
kind and degree of false bedding, fine and course materials, gravel and 
earths being generally commingled. Towards the w T est, the lower parts 
of the earthy beds are filled for several feet with quartz pebbles of 
various sizes to several pounds weight. The elevation of the more west- 
ern of these beds, on the top of some of the higher hills, is 4 to 500 feet, 
in Ilarnett, Moore, Richmond and Anson, conspicuously about Cartilage, 
Rockingham and Wadesboro’. Their thickness does not often exceed 20 
or 30 feet, and is generally not more than 10 or 15. Some of the best 
exposures of them are found at the entrance of the hill country above 
Fayetteville and along the Carolina Central Railroad, through Robeson, 
Richmond and Anson counties. They consist here of gray and purplish- 
white clay, sometimes quite pure, serving for brick or potter’s clay, and 
again very sandy. These gradually become more sandy and gravelly, and 
at last coarse pebbly, with the rise of the surface towards the west. . 
