ECONOMICAL GEOLOGY. 
181 
Number 35 is a specimen of the level, upland, sandy soil, so common 
in the eastern section. The sample was taken at Faison’s depot, in Du- 
plin county, in the forest. This and number -±5, obtained one mile north 
of Wilson, represent the most common type of cotton lands of the region, 
not only in these counties, but in Wayne, Pitt, Lenoir, Edgecombe, &c. 
The growth is an open woods, consisting of a mixture of long and short 
leaf pine, mostly the latter, with an undergrowth of rather small oaks of 
several species, (prevalently post oak and black oak), and a subordinate 
shrubby growth of dogwood, eourwood, blackjack, &c. The analysis 
shows it to be a very sandy loam with a sufficiency of organic matter, and 
all the essential mineral elements of plant food in moderate quantities. 
The sand is tolerable fine, but the texture is not close enough to retain 
moisture well, and its supply of organic matter is easily exhausted. It is 
plain that these soils under cultivation will require marl to keep up the 
supply of mineral elements and frequent green crops to restore the easily 
exhausted humus. 
The subsoil is yellowish brown and a little more clayey, and so compact 
as to stand in vertical walls, in ditches and wells, almost as well as rock. 
36 is a similar soil, a little more sandy, from Mr. Jas. Joyner’s place at 
Marlboro in Pitt ; 37 is from the same, and is a garden soil in which the 
cabbage is affected with the disease known as the big root, which is com- 
mon in the region. The only suggestion contained in the analysis is con- 
nected with the deficiency of clay and the consequent want of coherence, — 
porosity of the soil, which probably permits, or in some way promotes 
parasitic, or fungoid growths upon the roots. 
Number 3S is from the flattish slope of the ridge which forms the 
north shore of Waceamaw Lake, in Columbus county. The sample is 
from a point in the forest near the depot. It is, from the analysis, a soil 
of a better general constitution than the preceding. 39 is the subsoil of 
the above at a depth of two feet, and is much better than the soil, indica- 
ting the advantage of deep plowing in this case. 
Number JO is a leaner and more sandy soil from the border of the 
great White Oak Swamp in Onslow. This is a slightly rolling upland, 
and the soil is ot a yellowish brown color. There is a scattered growth 
of pines, long and short leaf, and an undergrowth of scrubby oaks. 
There is a large area of similar soil in the region. The subsoil, at the 
depth <ff 20 inches, (analysis 41,) is, like that at Waceamaw, much better 
than the soil, in most respects. 
Number 42 is a sandy upland, of the same character as the preceding ; 
the sample is from the slightly undulating border of Pine Log Swamp, 
two miles northwest of Whiteville, Columbus county. The growth is the 
