224 GEOLOGY OF NORTH CAROLINA. 
5 6 7 
Manganese, 4.573 6.50 4.88 
Silicon, 0.233 0.14 0.38 
Sulphur, 0.015 0.009 
Phosphorus, 0.051 0.12 0.095 
The copy of these analyses was accompanied by the remark, “ The 
above samples were made while the furnace was running on ordinary 
iron, no attempt having been made to produce spiegeleisen. The phos- 
phorus and sulphur were reduced from the fluxes employed, as the Buck- 
horn ore used contained only very slight traces of these impurities.” 
The origin of this peculiar and valuable product, which was altogether 
accidental, will be apparent on the inspection of the analyses given below. 
These were made for the company in the course of their operations, by 
G. G. Lobdell, of the firm, and C. E. Buck, of Wilmington, Del., and by 
the Chemist of the Pennsylvania Steel Company. 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
Silica, ■ ... 
. . . .14.45 
5.65 
12.80 
30.50 
7.50 
Alumina, 
0.80 
5.20 
19.20 
8.49 
Oxide of Maganese, . . . 
trace 
. 22.80 
7.52 
Phosphorus, 
trace 
0.02 
0.04 
Sulphur, 
... 0.06 
trace 
0.03 
0.02 
Iron, 
66.50 
54.15 
18.41 
55.00 
Of these, Nos. 8, 9 and 10 are from the upper and main portion of 
the Buckhorn bed, and No. 11 from the lower manganesian section. This 
last analysis suggests the presence, in this part of the bed, of the mineral 
knebelite, a characteristic ore of the most famous Swedish spiegeleisen 
mines. No. 12 is the Douglass ore, on the other side of the river. 
Besides the localities already mentioned, a number of additional out- 
crops of ore have been noted, mostly magnetic ; one for example, 2 miles 
north of Buckhorn, (at Dewer’s) yielding 57.77 per cent, of iron, (no 
phosphorus or sulphur), and 3 or 4 others in a southwest direction, for 10 
miles, to the head waters of Little Kiver, — at McNeil’s, Dallrymple’s and 
Buchanan’s ; analyses as follows, respectively : 
Iron, 52.90 36.47 53.25 
Sulphur, 0.05 0.05 0.04 
Phosphorus,... 0.12 0.11 0.57 
Analyses by Lobdell. 
