ECONOMICAL GEOLOGY. 
225 
Near Haywood, in the angle formed by the junction of the Haw and 
Deep rivers, in the red sandstone of the Triassic, there has been opened 
a series of parallel beds of a red-ochreous earthy ore, on the lands of Dr. 
Smith. The only bed exposed at the time of my visit, was 20 to 25 
inches thick, dipping southeast with the sandstone, 20° to 30°. The ore 
lias a rough likeness to the “ Clinton ” or “Fossil ore” of New York, 
&c., and the “ Dystone ” of Tennessee, but has a much coarser and 
more irregular texture, and is composed of rounded concretionary masses 
of various sizes from that of the Clinton grains to \ and f inch and 
upward. It is commonly more or less compacted into conglomeritic 
masses, often of the entire thickness of the bed, but frequently it is 
loosely and slightly compacted, and when thrown out, crumbles to a heap 
of very coarse gravel. The ore is partly limonite, but seems to be largely 
changed to red hematite. The following analyses of samples taken from 
different parts of the beds, whose outcrops extend over an area of several 
acres, will exhibit the character of the ore : 
Silica, . 
13 
14 
23.50 
Alumina, 
2.54 
Sesqui Oxide of Iron,. .......... 
......... 69.73 
67.50 
Protoxide of Iron. 
0.81 
Bisulphide of Iron 
Phosphoric Acid,. 
0.10 
Lime. ... 
0.90 
Magnesia, 
0.24 
Water and loss, 
5.03 ; givin 
Iron, ............ . , 
47,25 
The second of these analyses represents the ore as it occurs on the lands 
ot Mr. Richard Smith, adjoining the preceding. This ore makes its ap- 
pearance again about a mile from Sanford, some 12 miles distant, where 
it was opened and worked to some extent during the late war. Only one 
bed was exposed here, which is about 20 inches thick. The ore is easily 
dug and shoveled from the bed and crumbles into a heap of very coarse, 
reddish-brown gravel, a rough sort of shot ore. The preceding analyses 
will nearly enough represent the composition of this also. 
The next ores demanding attention are the Black Band and Ball ore , 
or “ kidney ore” of the coal measure. These are earthy and calcareous 
carbonates of iron, imbedded in the black carbonaceous shales which en- 
