ECONOMICAL GEOLOGY. 
265 
steep slope of the mountain gorge and ridges which the bed occupies, are 
covered with blocks of ore, often of hundreds of pounds weight, and in 
many places, bare vertical walls of massive ore, 10 and 15 feet thick, are 
exposed, and the trenches and open diggings, which are scattered, with- 
out order, over many acres of surface, every where reach the solid ore 
within a few feet of the surface. The length of the outcrop is about 
1500 feet and the breadth 200 to 800, — 600 in the section given in the 
diagram. A large quantity of ore has been quarried and smelted here 
during the last two or three generations, but no mining has been done, 
the loose and partly decomposed and disintegrated masses of ore and 
magnetic gravel mixed with the surface earth, having been preferred by 
the ore diggers, as being more easily obtained, and much more readily 
stamped and granulated for the forge fire. The quality of the ore will 
best be seen by reference to the following analyses : 
64 
65 
66 
67 
68 
Magnetic Oxide of Iron,. . . 
. . . 94.37 
91.45 
85.59 
80.77 
91.89 
Oxide of Manganese, 
. .. 0.26 
0.06 
0.24 
1.42 
0.32 
Alumina, 
. . . 0.42 
0.77 
0.11 
0.52 
1.03 
Lime, 
. . . 0.43 
1.01 
0.72 
1.06 
Magnesia, 
. . . 0.36 
0.53 
0.33 
0.23 
Water, 
0.44 
1.53 
8.21* 
1.15 
Silica, Pyroxene, &c, 
Sulphur, 
Phosphoric Acid, 
. . . 4.16 
5.74 
11.48 
9.08 
4.02 
0.25 
trace 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
100.00 
99.95 
Metallic Iron, 
. . . 68.34 
66.22 
61.98 
5S.49 
66.53 
The first four of these analyses are by Dr. Genth, who says “ the first 
three samples contain neither titanic acid, nor phosphorus and sulphur, 
the fourth contains a trace of phosphoric acid.” 
No. 68 was made in 1869, by Prof. Chandler, of Columbia College, 
New York city, who remarks : “ This is the best iron ore I have ever 
analyzed. It is very rich in iron and very free from sulphur and phos- 
phorus.” The smiths and farmers of the region will use no other iron, 
if the Cranberry can be had, and they willingly pay fifty per cent, more 
for it than any other in the market. The softness and toughness of this 
iron is very remarkable, and its tensile strength, as tested by the United 
States Ordnance Department, ranks with that of the best irons known. 
The blooms from the Cranberry forges have been extensively used in 
