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the impulses were given to it here before his emigration. So we all 
know that Bowditch, the translator of Laplace on the mechanism of the 
Heavens, found something more of profit, perhaps if not fame, in com- 
piling his useful navigator for the multitude who plough the ocean, and 
in computing annuities for the purposes of practical life. The same 
might be said of the labors of several of our mathematicians for popular 
use, as compared with their productions on topics more speculative. And 
all elementary books, domestic and foreign, well calculated to yield use- 
ful instruction to many, have usually been encouraged here in the most 
ample manner, and in instances too numerous for recital ; as have been 
any scientific improvements in teaching itself, by such men as Lancaster 
or Pestalozzi, or by others, enabling us, in some degree, to impart speech 
to the dumb, and sight to the blind, and hearing to the deaf. 
We have, likewise, made some progress in the use of architectural 
science. But it has taken chiefly a like practical direction, and the most 
rapid advances have been either in private dwellings for daily occupa- 
tion, or, when the highest acquirements and largest expense are em- 
ployed, it is for a building for business rather than show. It is for a 
custom-house, court-house, state-house, hospital, and not a Brighton 
palace or Versailles — a Seraglio or Pyramids. Or, it is to build colleges 
to educate the many, to erect churches and cathedrals for crowds, to 
have capacious town-houses and city-halls for the accommodation of 
the people at large; or, in military and naval architecture, to form 
massy forts, breakwaters, dry docks, and vast ships of the line for general 
defence, rather than, as in despotisms, to wring out the tears and toil of 
millions to build palaces of ice, or construct barges of pleasure, adorned, 
like Cleopatra’s, with silk and gold, to gratify the love of pagantry in 
royalty alone. 
The higher branches of science have been turned to another most 
useful, and, at the same time, striking account among us in practical life,, 
in hydraulics. Not only have numerous detached dwellings, but almost 
every large village and city been indebted to this, in an ample supply of 
water, for one of the greatest means of comfort, health, and beauty. 
Both distance and height have been overcome with ease, however un- 
even the surface, by applying scientific principles, through pipes of wood, 
or lead, or iron, or burnt clay, without any resort to the awkward and 
costly stone aqueducts of antiquity, requiring intervening mountains tn 
be cut down, and deep valleys filled, in order to form one regular in- 
clined plane for the whole distance. In a like manner, science has here 
