11 
woollen fabrics, as well as silks ? for the prevention of counterfeits in 
bank notes and bills of exchange ? and for illustrating periodicals ? books 
of fancy, natural history, travels, and exhibiting every variety of engi- 
neering, surveying, and geographical explanations? When we remem- 
ber, that it is science and some of the fine arts, which are thus humbly 
employed, and for the use of the poorest and the middling interests, no 
less than for the highest in intellect, and the most advanced seminaries 
of learning, and the wisest public bodies, the change in their functions, 
and their practical usefulness, becomes wonderfully developed under the 
impulsive genius of institutions like ours. From ornamenting cathedrals, 
and churches, and galleries, and palaces ; and from diffusing the splendid 
results of such voyages as those of the Astrolabe and Coquille, or the 
Vincennes', the powers of drawing and engraving have been reinforced 
by those of the daguerreotype, as well as lithography, and have thus been 
applied to spread more cheaply useful knowledge into every rank and 
pursuit of life. The broad line of discrimination here, usually is, that 
science, to be much patronized, must devise new instruments of profit or 
pleasure to numbers ; and whatever of its labors has turned out to be 
either useful or agreeable to the many here, has always been amply re- 
warded, crowning many inventors with princely fortunes, and drawing 
crowds to witness its wonders in the solar microscope, or in astronomy as 
explained by Lardner, or in the historical mysteries of the coasts, rivers, 
lakes, and mountains of our continent, as decyphered by such geologists 
as Cleaveland, Hitchcock,, and Ley ell. So, besides the daguerreotype, 
with all its increasing use and marvels, it will be seen that the panorama 
also, and its popular fascination, the kaleidescope with its beauties to the 
eye, and its benefits in the arts, the illusions of the fantascope, those bril- 
liant philosophical and chemical experiments, that amuse millions, and 
the fire works of all kinds, which so often make the holidays of half the 
world so inviting, all rest exclusively on the aid of science for their pow- 
erful attractions. 
Some other things chiefly of a practical character, and chiefly assisted 
by private enterprise, may usefully be adverted to, and a portion of all of 
them illustrated in more detail, where our national progress since the revo- 
lution has in many respects been much advanced by the aid of science. 
Our new forms of government could not at once develope their full in- 
fluences in these respects on the community at large. Old notions and 
habits, old theories, prejudices, and laws, could not be changed but 
gradually, if wisely. Arbitrary power had been uprooted, rather than 
