FUNDAMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS 
3 
irregular petals, usually diadelphous stamens and non-oily albumen 
and so both of these families are placed in the order Papaverales. 
The orders Papaverales, Geraniales, Sapindales , Rhamnales , etc., are 
related by a common structure namely, two seed leaves or cotyledons 
and so are grouped together under the class Dicotyledonece. The 
Dicotyledonece differ from the Monocotyledonece in that the latter 
group possess but one cotyledon; but both classes agree in having 
covered ovules and seeds, and so are placed in the subdivision 
Angiospernm. The Angiospermce differ from the Gymnos per nice in 
that the latter possess naked ovules and seeds but both of these 
subdivisions agree in producing real flowers and seeds. For these 
reasons they are placed in the division Spermatophyta of the Vege- 
table Kingdom. 
OUTLINE OF PLANT GROUPS 
I. Thallophyta 
4. Fungi 
3. Alga; 
2. Myxomycetes 
1. Protophyta 
Bacteria 
Cyanophycea? 
Acrasiales 
Phytomyxales 
Myxogastrales 
Chlorophycese 
Phaeophyceae 
Rhodophyceae 
Phycomycetes 
Ascomycetes 
Basidiomvcetes 
Fungi Imperfecti 
Crustaceous 
5. Lichenes 
Marchantiales 
II. Bryophyta 
1. Hepaticae Jungermanniales 
. Anthocerotales 
2. Musci 
