162 
PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 
Aggregate fruits are the product of all the carpel ripenings in one 
flower, the cluster of carpels being crowded on the ripened receptacle 
forming one mass, as in the Raspberry, Blackberry, and Strawberry. 
Multiple fruits are those which are the product of the ripening 
of a flower cluster instead of a single flower. 
Simple and Compound fruits are either Dry or Fleshy. The first 
may be divided into Dehiscent, those which split open when ripe; 
and Indehiscent, those which do not. 
Simple Fruits : 
[ I. Capsular (dehiscing). 
Dry j II. Schizocarpic (splitting). 
I III. Achenial (indehiscent). 
j IV. Baccate (berries), 
uccu ent ^ y p> rU p aceous (stone fruits). 
The capsular fruits include all of those, whether formed of one 
or more carpels, which burst open to let seeds escape. 
Schizocarpic or splitting fruits are those in which each carpel or 
each half carpel (in Labiatse) splits asunder from its neighbor and 
then falls to the ground. The split portion is one-seeded. 
Achenial fruits are dry, one-celled, one-seeded and indehiscent 
at the time of final ripening. 
Baccate fruits are such in which the endocarp always and the 
mesocarp usually becomes succulent and so the seeds lie in the pulp 
formed by the endocarp or endocarp and mesocarp combined. 
Drupaceous fruits are those in which the endocarp is always 
fibrous or stony in consistence, while the mesocarp is more or less 
succulent. The endocarp may become cuticularized as in the 
Apples. The mesocarp may form stone cells lying in the midst of 
soft parenchyme cells as in Pears; it may become hardened and 
thickened by lignin deposits to form fibers as in the Cocoanut, or 
it may become swollen and soft-succulent as in Peaches, Cherries, 
etc. 
I. Capsular Fruits. — These may be simple, when composed of one 
carpel as the follicle and legume, or compound, when composed of 
two or more carpels as the capsule, pyxis, regma, siliqua or silicule. 
The Follicle or pod is a dry, simple capsular fruit formed of a 
