220 
PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 
ance of a number of small depressions on the upper side of the leaf. 
These in section are a rich chocolate brown and known as sperma- 
gonia. In the center of a spermagonium are produced hyphse, which 
project out to its orifice and obstrict off minute spores called sper- 
macia. On the opposite side of the leaf cup-shaped depressions 
are formed, each with a limiting membrane (peridium). Within 
the cup-shaped depression thousands of spores are formed in chains 
closely packed together. These are the aecidiospores (aeciospores). 
The cluster cup is called an Ticidium (/Ecium). These secio- 
spores are conveyed to wheat and cause infection, thus completing 
the life cycle. 
Order 3. — Auricular iales. — The so-called “ear fungi” which occur 
on the bark of many plants, on wooden fences, etc., as auriculate 
growths which when young are jelly-like and brilliantly colored, 
when old, hard, grayish and considerably wrinkled. The ear- 
like fruiting body is known as the sporophore. Its internal surface 
is lined with a hymenium or fruiting body consisting of numerous 
four-celled basidia, each of which cuts off at its tip a basidiospore. 
Order 4. — Tremellales. — Saprophytes which live on decaying wood 
as moist, soft, quivering, gelatinous growths becoming later dry 
and horny. 
Sub-class B. — Autobasidiomycetes 
(Mostly fleshy forms characterized by one-celled basidia with generally four, 
occasionally six, eight or two sterigmata each of which cuts off a basidiospore 
at its tip.) 
Division a. Hymenomycetes 
(Hymenium or spore-bearing surface exposed) 
This division of Autobasidiomycete or higher basidionrycete 
fungi comprises the following orders: Dacromycetales, Exobasidiales, 
Thelephorales, Clavariales and Agaricales. 
Order 1.— Dacromycetales. — This order includes the “weeping 
fungi.” One of the most common is Dacromyces deliquescens which 
occurs as a gelatinous body of bright red color on dead wood. The 
basidiospores are formed during a wet period and the fungus swells 
up in the water forming a slimy mass. In addition to basidiospores 
