TAXONOMY 
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a bony nut-shell and a four-lobed seed. It embraces five genera, 
of which Carya (Hicoria) and Juglans are represented in the United 
States, and about 35 species. 
Official drug Part used Botanical name Habitat 
Juglans N. F. Inner root bark Juglans cinerea United States 
Betulacecz or Birch Family. — A family of aromatic trees or shrubs 
distinguished by monoecious flowers with scaly bracts and astringent 
resinous bark. Differs from Fagacece by superior ovary and absence 
of cupule. To this family belong the hazelnuts, birches, alders, the 
ironwood, and the hornbean. 
Official drug Part used Botanical name Habitat 
(Oleum Betulae) Volatile oil Betula lenta North America 
Methylis salicylas 
V. Order Fagales. — Fagacece or Beech Family ( Cupuliferce ). — 
Apetalous trees or shrubs having alternate pinnately-veined leaves, 
monoecious flowers, the male in drooping aments, the female solitary, 
clustered, or in scaly catkins. Fruit a one-celled one-seeded nut. 
The beech, oak and chestnut are the principal genera. 
Official drug 
Galla 
Castanea N.F. 
Quercus N.F. 
Part used 
Excrescence 
Leaves 
Bark 
Botanical name Habitat 
Quercus infectoria Europe 
Castanea dentata North America 
Quercus alba North America 
The cork of commerce is obtained from the bark of Quercus Suber 
and Quercus occidentalism plants indigenous to Spain and France. 
VI. Order Urticales. — Ulmacece or Elm Family. — Forest trees 
indigenous to the temperate and tropical zones, characterized by 
being woody plants, with pinnately veined leaves and caducous 
stipules and without milky juice. Their flowers are unisexual or 
hermaphroditic with six or four parts to the perianth. Fruit a 
samara. 
Official drug Part used Botanical name Habitat 
Ulmus Inner bark Ulmus fulva United States 
and Canada 
