286 
PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 
gynoecium of two carpels united below. Fruit a two-beaked, two- 
celled woody capsule dehiscing at the summit, with a bony seed 
in each cell, or several, only one or two of them ripening. 
Official drug 
Styrax 
Hamamelidis 
Folia N.F. 
Part used 
Balsam from wood 
and inner bark 
Leaves 
Botanical name 
Liquidambar 
orientalis 
Hamamelis 
virginiana 
• Habitat 
The Levant 
United States and 
Canada 
Rosacea or Rose Family. — Herbs, shrubs, or trees mostly of 
temperate regions. Stem and branches upright or creeping (Straw- 
berry, Cinquefoil), herbaceous to woody. Leaves alternate, stipu- 
late (stipules green persistent to scaly deciduous), compound con- 
densing to “simple.” Flowers regular, pentamerous; sepals and 
petals five — rarely four — inferior to ovary becoming by stages superior 
to it. Sepals green — at times with epicalyx (Strawberry, Cinquefoil, 
etc.), persistent round fruit. Petals usually yellow to white or to 
pink, crimson, rarely purple, rosaceous, deciduous. Stamens in- 
definite, perigynous (Strawberry, etc.), to semi-epigynous (Rose, 
Peach, etc.), and epigynous (Apple, Pear). Pistil apocarpous with 
many (Strawberry, Rose) carpels or fewer to five (Apple), or two 
to one (Plum, Cherry), becoming falsely fused by union with up- 
growing receptacle (Hawthorn, Apple) . Fruit a collection of achenes 
on dry (Cinquefoil) or succulent receptacle (Strawberry), or dry 
follicles (Bridal Wreath), or drupels (Blackberry), or a drupe (Peach, 
Plum, Cherry), or a pome (Apple, Pear). Seeds exalbuminous, 
embryo filling seed cavity. 
Official drug 
Amygdala Dulcis 
Prunus Virginiana 
Rubus N.F. 
Quillaja N.F. 
Brayera N.F. 
Part used 
Seed 
Bark 
Bark of rhizome 
Bark 
Panicles of pistil- 
late flowers 
Botanical name 
Prunus amygdalus 
variety dulcis 
Prunus serotina 
Rubus villosus, R. 
cuneifolius, and 
R. nigrobaccus 
Quillaja Saponaria 
Hagenia abyssinica 
Habitat 
Asia 
United States and 
Canada 
United States 
Chile and Peru 
Abyssinia 
