3°8 
PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 
rarely short more usually elongate, feeble, rather brittle, climbing 
by tendrils which represent modified inflorescence shoots. Leaves 
alternate, simple to lobed (either pinnately or more often palmately) 
to compound-pinnate or palmate. Perfect graded series of lanceo- 
Fig. 170 .- — Rhamnus frangula — Branch. (Sayre.) 
late leaves with pinnate veining to palmate veining; from pinnately 
veined to compound-pinnate; from palmately veined to compound- 
palmate. Stipules greenish to membranous or none. Flowers in 
racemes of compressed cymes, hermaphrodite or diclinous, nearly 
