TAXONOMY 
309 
always small, clustered, green to greenish-yellow or greenish- 
white, rarely otherwise; sepals five rarely four, small to minute (mere 
rim of receptacle) more or less persistent. Petals five, deciduous to 
caducous, typically distinct, in Vitis united by their tips into calyp- 
troform corolla, so in June, as Grape Vine flowers expand, corolla 
splits at base into five lobes that separate below, being attached at 
tips, while whole becomes tumbled off by lengthening stamens. 
Pistil bicarpellate. Ovary two-celled, superior or at most sub- 
inferior. Ovules two to one, erect. Style short often more or less 
thickened with terminal, capitate, slightly two-lobed stigmas. 
Stamens equal to petals or sepals and opposite petals. Receptacle 
internal to stamens often expanded into nectariferous girdle or in 
Vitis into receptacular knobs alternating with stamens. Fruit 
a berry rarely six- to three-celled, typically two-celled and with 
two to one seeds in each cavity. Seeds like ovules, erect, with 
bony testa. Embryo small, imbedded at base of cartilaginous 
albumen. 
Official drug Part used Botanical origin Habitat 
VinumXericum Fermented juice Vitis species Cultivated 
N.F. of ripe fruit (cultivated) 
VIII. Order Malvales. — Sterculiacea or Cola Family .- — Rarely 
herbs, usually shrubs or tall, often heavy trees with soft wood and 
broad annual rings. The cambium in developing bast produces 
one, two, three, four, or five alternating layers of hard and soft 
bast which in some species of this as well as the TiliacecB family 
form long finger-like processes pushing out into the cortex. Leaves 
alternate, sometimes simple and pinnately veined or passing to 
palmately veined or palmately compound. Flowers hermaphrodite; 
sepals five, sometimes surrounded by bracteoles forming an epicalyx ; 
petals usually five; stamens typically five hypogynous, opposite 
petals, distinct or slightly fused in monadelphous fashion ( Melochia , 
Waltheria ) or, stamens subdivided above into few or numerous stam- 
inal leaflets, anthers two-celled; pistil many to ten- to five- or four- 
carpelled; carpels apocarpous or more usually partially or completely 
united. Fruit either follicles, or fused to form a capsule of ten or 
more, frequently five dehiscent carpels or, carpels splitting asunder 
