3 l6 
PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 
sexual, regular; stamens hvpogynous, mostly indefinite with anthers 
opening by slits, rarely by one or two apical pores ( Bi.xa ). Fruit 
fleshy or dry. Seeds with fleshy allrumen and sometimes covered 
with a fleshy arillus {Bi.xa Orellana). 
Unofficial drug 
Annatto 
Chaulmoogra oil 
Part used 
Coloring matter 
Fixed oil from 
seeds 
Botanical origin 
Bixa Orellana 
Gynocardia odorata 
Habitat 
Tropical America 
and Madagascar 
India 
Violacece or Violet Family. — Herbs or shrub. Stems upright, 
rarely creeping, spreading or acaulescent. Leaves either cauline or 
radical, stipulate, alternate, simple to pinnatifid or palmate. 
Flowers pentamerous, regular or irregular {Viola). Fruit a loculi- 
cidally dehiscent capsule {Viola) rarely baccate. Seeds albuminous. 
Unofficial drug Part used Botanical origin Habitat 
Viola Entire herb Viola tricolor Temperate regions 
Turner aceae or Damiana Family. — Tropical herbs, shrubs or 
trees. Leaves alternate, simple, petioled, exstipulate. Flowers 
perfect, regular, axillary, pentamerous with one-called ovary. Fruit 
a capsule with three valves. Seeds strophiolate with albuminous 
embryo. 
Official drug Part used Botanical origin 
I Turnera diffusa 
Damiana N.F. Leaves Turnera 
| aphrodisiaca 
Passifloracece or Passion Flower Family. — Herbaceous or woody 
vines climbing by tendrils. Leaves alternate, simple, entire, lobed 
or compound. Flowers perfect or imperfect, solitary; peduncles 
jointed at the flower; perianth petaloid with urceolate or tubular 
tube and four to five or eight to ten partite and two-seriate limb, the 
throat usually crowmed by one or more series of subulate filaments 
which are frequently colored; gynophore elongating supporting the 
stamens and pistil. Fruit a one-celled berry ( Passiflora ) or three- 
to five-valved dehiscent capsule containing numerous seeds. 
Official drug Part used Botanical origin Habitat 
Passiflora N.F. Entire herb Passiflora incarnata United States 
Habitat 
j Lower California 
1 and Mexico 
