TAXONOMY 
329 
nodes. Leaves opposite, decussate, simple, rarely pinnately com- 
pound (Ash). Inflorescence dichesial or scorpioid cymes but tending 
constantly toward condensation and so in the Lilac, the inflorescence 
becomes a clustered raceme of cymes (thyrsus). Flowers regular, 
pentamerous or tetramerous; sepals small, green, rarely petaloid, 
synsepalous; petals synpetalous, elongated into a narrow tube, ex- 
panding above into a stellate limb; stamens very rarely five, rarely 
four to three, nearly always two, epipetalous and high set on corolla 
tube; pistil bicarpellate, rarely of three to four carpels; ovary two- 
celled with two to one pendulous ovules in each cavity. Fruit 
either a capsule (Lilac), drupe (Olive), berry (Privet) or a winged 
indehiscent akene (Ash). Seeds with moderate to scanty albumen 
becoming occasionally exalbuminous. 
Official drug 
Manna 
Oleum Olivae 
Chionanthus N.F. 
Fraxinus N.F. 
Part used 
Dried saccharine 
exudate 
Fixed oil 
Bark of root 
Bark 
Botanical origin 
Fraxinus Ornus 
Olea Europsea 
Chionanthus 
virginica 
Fraxinus Americana 
Habitat 
Southern Europe 
Southern Europe, 
Algeria, Asia 
Southern United 
States 
Northern United 
States and 
Canada 
Loganiacece or Logania Family. — Herbs ( Spigelia , etc.), woody 
vines ( Gelsemium , etc.) or trees (. Strychnos Nux Vomica , etc.) with a 
bitter juice usually containing alkaloids. Stem, rarely herbaceous 
usually woody, often long climbing and rope-like {Gelsemium) , usually 
with a bicollateral bundle system. Leaves opposite, stipulate or 
exstipulate. Inflorescence racemose or cynrose {Spigelia (scorpioid 
cyme) , Strychnos) , sometimes condensed into solitary, axillary flowers. 
Flowers perfect, usually regular; calyx gamosepalous; corolla gamo- 
petalous, hypogynous, rotate, campanulate or infundibuliform; sta- 
mens inserted on the corolla tube or throat and with thread-like 
filaments; ovary superior, two-celled; style elongate with bifid stigma; 
ovules numerous. Fruit usually a capsule, septicidally dehiscent 
{Gelsemium sempervirens) or loculicidally dehiscent {Spigelia mari- 
landica), sometimes a berry {Strychnos Nux Vomica) or drupe. 
Seeds numerous or solitary, sometimes winged. 
