342 
PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 
Official drug 
Verbasci Flores 
N.F. 
Part used 
Corollas with 
stamens 
Verbasci Folia N.F". Leaves 
Botanical origin 
[ Verbascum 
I phlomoides 
| Verbascum 
l thapsiforme 
j Verbascum Thapsus 
j and other species of 
Verbascum 
Habitat 
] 
| Europe and Asia 
! Europe and Asia 
Pedalinacece or Sesame Family. — Tropical herbs often thickly 
covered with viscous hairs. Leaves soft, usually alternate, more 
rarely opposite, exstipulate. Flowers irregular, pentamerous. Fruit 
a capsule ( Sesamum , etc.) drupe or rarely a one-seeded indehiscent 
nut. Seeds exalbuminous usually. 
Official drug Part used Botanical origin Habitat 
Oleum Sesami Fixed oil Sesamum indicum Asia and Africa 
(cultivated varieties) 
Acanthacece or Acanthus Family. — Usually herbaceous ( Ruellia ), 
rarely sub-woody or woody plants, occasionally bushy in habit, con- 
taining cystoliths in the mesophyll or epidermal cells of the leaves 
and in the parenchyma of the roots and stems. Leaves opposite, 
more rarely whorled, entire, exstipulate. Inflorescence a raceme of 
condensed cymes becoming a simple raceme or spike, rarely con- 
densed into a solitary terminal inflorescence. Flowers hermaphro- 
dite, usually irregular; calyx five-cleft; corolla hypogynous, gamo- 
petalous, more or less bilabiate, funnel-form and composed of five 
sepals; stamens usually four ( Ruellia , etc.), occasionally reduced to 
two as in genus Dianthera, didynamous or diandrous, epipetalous; 
pistil bicarpellate; ovary two-celled, superior, with numerous cam- 
pvlotropal ovules; style terminal, filiform. Fruit a capsule contain- 
ing numerous curved seeds. The family is of pharmaceutic interest 
mainly because of Ruellia ciliosa, a pubescent perennial herb growing 
in the Eastern United States, whose rhizome and roots have fre- 
quently been admixed with or substituted for Spigelia. 
Labiatce (. Lamiacece ) • or Mint Family. — Herbs producing creeping 
runners that spread out and root at the nodes. Stems quadrangular, 
rarely cylindrical in outline. Leaves opposite, decussate, mainly 
petiolate; leaf margin nearly always serrate, dentate or crenate. 
