TAXONOMY 
345 
Verbenacece or Verbena Family. — Herbs ( Verbena sps.), shrubs 
( Clarodendron ), occasionally trees (Black Mangrove of Florida) 
having characters which averagely agree with the Labiatce. They 
are distinguished from the Labiatce mainly by being rarely scented, 
by their ilowers having five stamens and a terminal style, by their 
fruits being either drupes or berries and by the fact that their seeds 
while being typically exalbuminous, yet occasionally are slightly 
albuminous. 
Official drug Part used Botanical origin Habitat 
Verbena N.F. Overground por- Verbena hastata United States 
tion in flower 
V. Order Rubiales. — Rubiacece or Madder Family. — Herbs ( Gal- 
ium , Mitchella, etc.), shrubs ( Cephalanthus , etc.), or trees ( Cin- 
chona species) with fibrous roots, sometimes, as in Cephaelis Ipecacu- 
anha, annularly enlarged. Roots, stems and to a less extent leaves 
rich in varied alkaloids, some of medicinal value. Leaves opposite, 
entire, stipulate and interpetiolate. Inflorescence a raceme of 
dichesial cymes occasionally condensing to scorpioids. Flowers 
perfect, often dimorphic, pentamerous or tetramerous; sepals five 
{Cinchona, etc.) but four in Galium, small, green, subtended with 
other flowers by one or two or more enlarged petaloid bracts; petals 
five {Cinchona, etc.) to four in Galium, stellate, varying from shallow 
rotate to elongate tubular or funnel-shaped with stellate limbs; 
stamens five to four, epipetalous; pistil nearly always bicarpellate, 
rarely of five to four carpels; ovary inferior, two-celled with central 
placentation; styles either distinct with knob-shaped stigmas or style 
elongate, filiform ending in bilobed stigmas. Fruit varied, a capsule 
in Cinchona, a berry in Coffee, a drupe, or frequently as in Galium 
dry and splitting into nutlets; seeds albuminous, each with a curved 
embryo. 
Official drug 
Part used 
Botanical origin 
Habitat 
Cafieina 
Feebly basic 
Coffea arabica 
Eastern Africa 
principle 
| Cinchona Ledgeri- 
1 ana, C. Calisaya 
1 
Cinchona 
Bark 
| and hybrids of these 
withother Cinchona 
f South America 
1 
1 
l species 
1 
