TAXONOMY 
353 
ovary inferior and other floral parts superior. Sepals rudimentary 
tooth-like (Sunflower), or reduced to a pappose or hairy rudiment 
above ovary that is functionless during flowering, but that expands in 
fruit as a hairy fruit disseminator (Dandelion, Thistle, etc.); or 
sepals wholly absorbed (Daisy). Petals synpetalous, tubular, ligu- 
late or rarely bilabiate, greenish-yellow to white, or through pink- 
crimson and purple to blue (chicory). Stamens five, epipetalous, 
filaments distinct, anthers united into an upright anther-box (so 
synantherous) into which pollen is shed before or during opening 
of each floret. Carpels two, syncarpous, ovary inferior, one-celled 
with single ovule; style simple, at first short', later elongating and by 
collecting hairs sweeping pollen to top of anther box, then dividing 
into two stigmatic surfaces with stigmatic hairs for pollen reception. 
Fruit an indehiscent achene often (Dandelion, Thistle) crowned by 
the pappose, calyx rudiment. Seed single, exalbuminous. 
Official drug 
Part used 
Botanical origin 
Habitat 
Lactucarium 
Dried milk juice 
Lactuca virosa 
Europe 
Arnica 
Flower heads 
Arnica montana 
Europe and 
northern Asia 
Matricaria 
Flower heads 
Matricaria 
Chamomilla 
Europe and 
western Asia 
Calendula N.F. 
Ligulate florets 
Calendula officinalis 
Mediterranean 
basin 
Senecio N.F, 
Overground 
parts 
Senecio aureus 
United States 
Absinthium N.F. 
Leaves and 
Artemisia 
United States and 
flowering tops 
Absinthium 
Canada 
Eupatorium N.F. 
Leaves and 
flowering tops 
Eupatorium 
perfoliatum 
North America 
Grindelia 
Leaves and 
Grindelia camporum 
Western North 
America 
flowering tops 
Grindelia cuneifolia 
' Grindelia squarrosa 
Inula N.F. 
Rhizome and 
roots 
Inula Helenium 
Europe and Asia 
Taraxacum 
Rhizome and 
roots 
Taraxacum officinale 
Europe and Asia 
Echinacea N.F. 
Rhizome and 
Brauneria pallida 
Central United 
Pyrethrum 
roots 
Root 
States 
Anacyclus Pyrethrum Northern Africa 
and southern 
Europe 
23 
