10 
INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS. 
properties are due to the roots containing bikhaconibine, pseudo- 
aconitine, or indaconitine. 
The non-poisonous Aconites, the active principles of which 
are either Atisine or Palmatisine, are (r) A. heterophyllum, Wall.; 
Hi) A. palmatum ; (in) A. rotundifolium ; (iv) A. violaceum. 
The poisonous aconites are (i) A. falconeri, Hi) A. laciniatum ; 
(Hi) A. lethale ; (id) A. spicatum ; \v) A. deinorrhizuni ; (vi) A. 
Balfourii ; ( vii ) A. Chasmanthum ; ( viii ) A. soongaricum. 
12. Aeonitum lycotonum, Linn. h. F. br. I., I. 28. 
Vern. : — Bika (H) ; Khanik-El-Zeb (Arab.). 
Habitat: — Himalaya, from Chitral to Kumaon, mostly in 
forests, locally abundant, from 5,000 — 12,000 ft. Kashmir. 
Root perennial, elongate, more or less cylindric, ultimately 
breaking up into separate or anastomosing strands. Stem erect, 
simple, 3-6ft., glabrous or pubescent, much branched Leaves 
palmately deeply 5-9-lobed, 6-10 in. diam., lobe.s cuneate-ovate ; 
lower leaves long-petioled, upper sessile. Racemes branched, 
long, tomentose, bracts minute. Flowers pale yellow or dull 
purple, variable in size ; helmet with a short beak and long 
cylindrical dorsal prominence. Follicles 3, spreading ; testa 
plaited. 
Uses : — This species also yields'much of' the aconite of Euro- 
pean commerce. 
Dr. Stapf writes : — The root does not appear to be used 
medicinally, and its chemistry is unknown. Dr. Jowett’s notes 
quoted by Dr. Watt, in Agric. Ledger 1902, No. 3, p. 89, refer 
to the chemistry of the European A. Lycotonum. 
13. A. palmatum, Don. D. Prodr. H. F. br. 
i., i. 28. 
Vern.: — Bikhma, Vakhama (Bomb.) ; Vakhamo (Guzr). Bis- 
hawa (HA 
Habitat: — Alpine Himalaya of Nepal, Sikkim and the 
adjoining part of South Tibet, from 10,000-16,000 feet. 
