N. 0. BIXINF "E. 
117 
long rough plates” (Gamble). Branchlets tomentose. Leaves 
near the euds of the branchlets, palmately 5-lobed, 4-9 in. diam., 
lobes shortly acuminate entire, grey-tomentose beneath, old 
leaves glabrous. Petioles slender, 4-6 in. Flowers 4-5 in. 
diam.; golden yellow in few-flowered terminal panicles. Sepals 
silky. Petals obovate, notched. Capsules pear-shaped, 3-4 in. 
long, 5-lobed. Flowers— February-April. Seeds covered with 
a kind of silk-cotton, called the “Ivapok” fibres of India 
Parts used : — The gum and cotton. 
Uses : — The gum has been proposed as a substitute for 
tragacanth. It is used in coughs, also in gonorrhoea (Indian 
Medical Gazette , 1875, p. 39). 
In Patna, the dried leaves and flowers are used as sti- 
mulants. (Irvine, p. 78). 
104 . Bixa Orellana, Linn, h.f.b.i., i. 190 . 
Vern. : — Latkan, Watkana (H. and B.) ; KoDg, Kuombi 
(Santal.) ; Jarat, Jolandhar (Ass.); Gulbas (Uriya) ; Powasi 
(Chittagong) ; Reipom (Manipur) Shal-ke-pandi-ka-jhar (Deck.) ; 
Kisri, Kesari, Kesuri, Shendri (Mar. Bom ) ; Jupharachettu, Jafra 
vittulu-chettu, Kurungu-menjivittulu-chettu (Tel.) ; Japhra- 
maram, Jafra- virai-maram (Tam.) ; Kuppamankala, Rangamali 
(Kan.) Korungoomunga (Mai.) Gowpurgee (H.). 
Habitat Cultivated throughout India for the dye. 
A large evergreen shrub or small tree. Bark. brown, \ in. 
thick. Wood pinkish-white, soft, even-grained. Annual rings 
marked by a line without pores. Pores moderate-sized, in 
radial strings of 3 to 6, prominent on a vertical section. Medul- 
lary rays fine, closely packed, bent round the pores, or groups 
of pores, so that the distance between the rays is less than 
the transverse diameter of the pores (Gamble). Leaves simple, 
4-8 by 2J-5 in,, cordate, acuminate, glabrous. Stipules minute. 
Petioles slender, 2-3 in. Flowers in terminal panicles, bisexual, 
large, 1-2 in. diam. ; pink or white ; purple say H. /. and Th ; 
sepals 5, imbricate deciduous. Petals 5, contorted in bud. 
Anthers numerous, opening by two terminal pores. Ovary 
1-celled ; style slender, curved ; stigma notched ; ovules many, 
