488 
INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS. 
Sungungrik (Lep.) ; Jom. (Santal.) ; Lama, rung (Kol.) ; Cham- 
bfira, chambul (Mar.) ; Pair, bela (Gond.). 
Habitat : — Foot of the Central and East Himalayas, Behar, 
Concan, and Sircars. 
A gigantic, climbing tree. Stem irregularly ridged and 
furrowed, often 100ft. long and 2ft. diam. Bark brown, horizon- 
tally waved, wood porous, in broad, irregularly broken, but 
concentrically arranged, masses with a palmate outline, al- 
ternating with red, juicy bast tissue (Gamble). Branch- 
lets, tendrils, petioles, underside of leaves and inflorescence 
clothed with dense ferruginous, rarely grey, tomentum. Leaves 
deeply cordate, variable in size, often up to 18in. diam., cleft 
to about -j of their length, lobes obtuse, basal nerves 11-15, 
petiole stout, tendrils axillary, often flower-bearing, forked, 
bifurcations circinate. Flowers creamy-white, on long, slender 
pedicels, in terminal corymbose racemes. Calyx-tube shorter 
than the 2-lobed limb. Petals densely hairy, much exserted, 
l-l£in. long. Stamens fertile, 3. Ovary hairy. Pod flat, 
woody, clothed with dense brown felt, 9-18 by 2-3in., burst- 
ing open with a loud report. Seeds 8-12. 
Use : — The seed possesses tonic and aphrodisiac properties. 
Leaves are demulcent and mucilaginous (Watt). 
435. B, purpurea, Linn., h.f.b.i., ii. 284, 
Roxb. 344. 
Sans. : — Kanchan. 
Vern. : — Kaniar, kandan, koliar, khairwal, kwillar, koilari, 
sona (H.) ; Kairal, karar, karalli, grey (Pb.) ; Deva Kanchan, 
rakta kanchan, koiral(B.); Khwairalo (Nepal); Kachic (Lepcha) ; 
Buruju (Kol.) ; Singyara (Santal 1 ' ; Kodwari (Gond) ; Rakta 
chandan, atmatti, ragta kanchan, deva kancliana (Mar ) ; 
Penya are, mandareh (Tam.) ; Peddaore, bodanta-chettu (Tel) ; 
Sarfll, sural, kancliiv&la (Kan.). 
Habitat : — From the foot of the West Himalayas and Khasia 
Mountains to Ceylon. 
A moderate-sized, evergreen, bushy tree, with moderately 
stout, glabrescent branchlets. Bark,about 4 in thick, ash- 
