N. 0. LYTHUACEA3. 
567 
sometimes reaching l pin. by liri. ; the capsule is broadly ovoid, 
the lower third enclosed in the persistent Calyx. Seed with 
wing 1-fin. long, pale brown. 
Uses : — The root is prescribed as an astringent. “ Its root, 
baric, leaves, and flowers are used medicinally by the Natives ” 
(Beddome). The Rev. J- Long, in an article on the Indigenous 
Plants of Bengal, states that the seeds are narcotic, the baric 
and leaves purgative (Jour. Agri-Hort. Soc. of Ind. (Old Series), 
IX.', 423). Dr. Thomson reports, that the fruit of the Pyenma 
is used in the Andamans as a local application for aphthm of 
the mouth (Jour. Agri-Hort. Soc. of Ind. (Old Series)„.XI., 446). 
“ The baric, of this and of L. indica, Linn., is considered sti- 
mulant and febrifuge ” (Surgeon-Major W. D. Stewart, Cuttack). 
515. tionneratia acida, Linn, ii.f.b.i., ii. 579, 
Roxb, 405. 
Vern . : — Orcha, archaka (B.) ; Sundari guna ( Uriya. ; Tivar 
(Bomb.) 
Habitat : — Forests of the Sind-Coast. Rather common in 
Ceylon, in tidal Estuaries with the Man-groves. Also in 
the Dekkan Peninsula, in the Concan Littoral, forests of 
Bengal, Delta of the Indus, Sunderban, Burma, Siam, Java. 
Coast, from Chittagong to Tenassarim, ascending the rivers 
as far as the tides. Malay Peninsula and the Achipelago. 
Brandis makes the following noteworthy observations : — This 
and the other species of Sonneratia as well as a few other Man- 
grove trees send up, from their widely spreading horizontal roots, 
vertical branches, with soft pith-like wood which serve to 
facilitate the interchange of gas between the atmosphere and 
the roots buried in the mud of the tidal swamp. 
A small tree, attaining 30ft. Root-branches frequent and 
continuous. Wood light, soft, even-grained (Gamble). Twigs 
quadrangular. Leaves nearly sessile, 2p-3in., oblong-oval or 
roundish, tapering to base, obtuse, sometimes apiculate at 
apex, slightly fleshy. Flowers dark rose-red, large, 3in. long, 
terminal, solitary, on very short thick pedicels, buds not ribbed, 
blunt, but apiculate at apex ; Calyx-tube, quite without ribs, 
