158 
INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS. 
remedies. The internal use Gurjun oil is also attended with 
benefit in some cases of true leprosy, in its early stage ; but its 
efficacy in this respect is greatly enhanced with the addition of 
from five to ten drops of Chaulmugra oil to each drachm of it. 
If well mixed in the above proportion, the combination of Chaul- 
mugra oil cannot be detected. Some years ago, I had received 
a bottle of Gurjun oil of this kind from a medical friend, which 
proved more useful in a case of true leprosy than all its varieties 
in the bazaar, but I did not know the existence of Chaulmugra 
oil in it, until I was informed of it. (Moodeen Sheriff.; 
Balsamum Dipterocarpi (gurjun — or gardjan balsam, garjantel, wood-oil) 
is a product of various species of the genus Dipterocarpus, indigenous in 
South Asia. About 80—82 per cent, of it consists of an essential oil, which can 
be removed by distillation with steam ; this boils at 265° and has sp. gr. 0'912 
at 15.° Of the residue, gurjoresen, C 17 H la 0 3 , forms the chief part, amounting 
to 10 — 18 per cent, of the balsam ; it is amorphous and melts at 40—48°. Only 
about 3 per cent, of the balsam consists of resin acids ; the bulk of these 
dissolves in 1 per cent, ammonium carbonate solution and is amorphous ; the 
rest is insoluble, but dissolves in 1 per cent, sodium carbonate solution ; this 
part was obtained to some extent in a crystalline state. 
The deposits, largely crystalline in character, which had formed in vari- 
ous samples of gurjun balsam, were submitted to examination. They consist 
of crystalline resin-alcohols or resin-pbenols, but yet arc insoluble in alkalis, 
in these respects resembling amyrin, C 30 H 50 O. A substance obtained from 
Hirschsohn, and designated by him “ neutral substance from gurjun balsam," 
consisted of such a hydroxy-compound, gnrjuresinol, C 15 H 25 'OH, probably 
identical with metacholestol (Mach, Abstr., 1895, i, 384) and copaivic acid 
Keto, Abstr., 1902, i, 167) ; it melts at 181 — 132° and forms acetyl and benzoyl 
derivatives melting at 90° and 106— 107° respectively. The ‘crystalline gio- 
/'iiturboresinol, from Dipterocarpus turbinatus, has the composition C 10 H 30 O 2 , 
and melts at 120— 129° ; it is probably identical with Merck’s copaivic acid 
and Trommsdorff's metacopaivic acid (Brix, Abstr., 1882, 05). Hirschsohn’s 
“sodium salt from gurjun balsam, ” when purified by recrystallisation, con- 
tained 3 0 per cent, of sodium ; it consists of gnrjuresinol along with the 
sodium salt of gurjoresinolic acid, C, 6 H 26 0 4 ; the acid is crystalline and melts 
at 254—256°. J. Ch. S. Vol. 84. part 1. p. 771. 
137. D. tuber eulatus, Roxb. h.f.b.i., i. 297 ; 
Roxb. 410. 
Habitat : — Chittagong and Burma. 
A large deciduous gregarious tree. “ Bark dark grey. Wood 
dark red-brown, hard. Pores circular, large and moderate-sized, 
