X. O. DlP'I'BIiltOCA ItPEAE. 
161 
longitudinal furrows. Wood. Sapwood small, whitish, not dur- 
able ; heartwood brown, pale, when first cut but darkening on 
exposure, coarse-grained, hard, with a remarkably cross-grained 
and fibrous structure ; the fibres of alternate belts in the wood 
on a vertical section, running in opposite directions, so that when 
the wood is dressed, a very sharp plane is necessary, or it will 
not get smooth ; does not season well. Leaves, when full grown, 
glabrous and shining, 6-10 by 4-6 in., petiole f-1 in., stipules £ in., 
falcate, pubescent, caducous. — (W. '1'. Thiselton Dyer). 4-12 by 
2-7 in., ovate-oblong, acuminate, tough, thinly coriaceous ; lateral 
nerves 12-15 pair, twice near the apex, very slender, base cordate 
or rounded ; petioles terete (Kanjilal). Flowers in large lax 
terminal or axillary racemose panicles covered with white 
pubescence. Calyx-tube short, adnate to the torus ; segments 
ovate, all accrescent in fruit. Petals pale yellow, about £ in. 
long, narrow, oblong, lanceolate, bearded, minutely trifid at apex. 
Ovary 3-celled ; style subulate. Fruit £ in. long, ovoid, acute, 
rather fleshy, indehiscent, white — pubescent. Wings 5, 2-3 in. 
long, spatbulate, narrowed at the base, brown when dry, some- 
what unequal, with 10-12 straight parallel nerves. 
The tree yields, when tapped, a large quantiy of white 
opaline resin, which is burnt as incense. An oil is extracted 
from the fruit which is used for burning and to adulterate 
with ghee. The fruit is formed into flour and eaten by the 
poorer classes in times of scarcity (Kanjilal). 
This is the principal tree of the Sivvalik Division. In 
Nepal, it attains 100-150 ft. , with a clear stem, to the first 
branch of 60-80 ft., and a girth of 20-25 ft. ( Brandis). Within 
the limits of the Siwalik and Jaunsar Flora, it is seldom more 
than 80 ft. in height, and 6 ft. in girth, unless hollow inside 
(Kanjilal). “Tropical Himalaya and along its base, from Assam 
to the Sutlej. Eastern Districts, Central India, western Bengal 
Hills.” (W. T. T. Dyer). 
Parts used : — The resin and leaves. 
Use : — By the Hindoo writers, the resin is regarded as 
astringent and detergent, and is used in dysentery, and for 
fumigations, plasters, &c. The resin thrown over the fire gives 
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